<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110</id><updated>2012-02-24T15:25:19.667-08:00</updated><category term='Roque Dalton'/><category term='Trotskistak'/><category term='Preobrazhensky'/><category term='Giap'/><category term='Jack London'/><category term='Marx'/><category term='Erreforma edo Iraultza'/><category term='Zentristak'/><category term='Samarakkody'/><category term='Li Dazhao'/><category term='Engels'/><category term='J.L. Arenillas'/><category term='Aresti'/><category term='JC Moreno Cabrera'/><category term='Trotsky'/><category term='Bertolt Brecht'/><category term='Karl Liebknecht'/><category term='Jim Robertson'/><category term='Christopher Hill'/><category term='Lenin'/><category term='Estatua eta Iraultza'/><category term='James Connolly'/><category term='Andreu Nin'/><category term='Rosa Luxemburg'/><category term='Ho Chi Minh'/><title type='text'>MARXISMOA</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>410</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-2875957430683380428</id><published>2012-02-24T15:11:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-24T15:25:19.679-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Lenin'/><title type='text'>Gora Martxoaren 8a, emakume langilearen borroka-egun internazionala</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bhOHhYrbUBE/T0gbdXKfL8I/AAAAAAAABzQ/w8jDNID4fEY/s1600/lenin+stalin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bhOHhYrbUBE/T0gbdXKfL8I/AAAAAAAABzQ/w8jDNID4fEY/s1600/lenin+stalin.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: x-large;"&gt;La Journée internationale des ouvrières&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Lenin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;"&gt;8 mars 1921&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Un des traits essentiels du bolchévisme et de la Révolution russe a été d'attirer à la politique ceux qui étaient le plus opprimés sous le capitalisme. Dans les monarchies et les républiques démocratiques bourgeoises, la majorité de la population est opprimée, trompée, pillée par les capitalistes. Cette oppression, cette tromperie, ce pillage du travail populaire sont inévitables tant que subsiste la propriété du sol, des fabriques, des usines.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;L'essence du bolchévisme, du pouvoir des Soviets, consiste en ce qu'il dévoile le mensonge et l'hypocrisie de la démocratie bourgeoise, abolit la propriété privée de la terre et des usines et réunit tout le pouvoir entre les mains des masses travailleuses et exploitées. Ce sont ces masses elles‑mêmes qui prennent en mains la politique, c'est‑à‑dire l'édification de la société nouvelle. L'oeuvre est difficile, mais il n'est pas d'autre issue à l'esclavage du salariat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Pour entraîner les masses dans la politique, il faut y entraîner les femmes. Car, sous le régime capitaliste, la moitié du genre humain est doublement opprimée. L'ouvrière et la paysanne sont opprimées par le capital ; en outre, même dans les plus démocratiques des républiques bourgeoises, elles restent devant la loi des êtres inférieurs à l'homme ; elles sont de véritables « esclaves domestiques », car c'est à elles qu'incombe le travail mesquin, ingrat, dur, abrutissant de la cuisine et du ménage.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;La révolution bolchévique a coupé les racines de l'oppression et de l'inégalité de la femme, ce que n'avait encore osé faire aucun parti, aucune révolution. De l'inégalité de la femme devant la loi, il ne reste pas trace chez nous. L'inégalité odieuse dans le mariage, le droit familial, la question des enfants a été totalement abolie par le pouvoir de Soviets.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Ce n'est là qu'un premier pas vers l'émancipation de la femme. Mais pas une seule République bourgeoise, même parmi les plus démocratiques, n'a osé le faire, et cela de crainte d'attenter au principe sacro‑saint de la propriété individuelle.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Le second, (le plus important) a été la suppression de la propriété privée sur la terre et les usines. Voilà ce qui ouvre la voie à l'émancipation effective et intégrale de la femme et à son affranchissement de « l'esclavage domestique » par la substitution de la grande économie collective à l'économie domestique individuelle.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Cette émancipation est chose difficile, car il s'agit de transformer des coutumes, des mœurs enracinées depuis des siècles. Mais nous avons déjà un début, le branle est donné et nous sommes engagés dans la vole nouvelle.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Aujourd'hui, journée internationale des ouvrières, dans tous les pays du monde d'innombrables réunions d'ouvrières voteront des adresses de félicitation à la Russie des Soviets, qui a inauguré l’œuvre difficile, mais grande et féconde, de leur libération ; les leaders du mouvement féminin exhorteront à ne pas perdre courage devant la sauvage réaction bourgeoise. Plus un pays bourgeois est « libre » ou « démocratique », plus les capitalistes répriment avec cruauté le mouvement ouvrier. Nous en avons un exemple dans la République démocratique des Etats‑Unis. Mais les travailleurs se réveillent. La guerre impérialiste a tiré de leur torpeur les masses laborieuses d'Amérique, d'Europe et même d'Asie.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Le monde entier est en effervescence. La libération des peuples du joug de l'impérialisme, la libération des ouvriers et des ouvrières du joug du capital progresse irrésistiblement. Elle s'accomplit, grâce à la poussée de dizaines et de centaines de millions d'ouvriers et d'ouvrières, de paysans et de paysannes. C'est pourquoi la cause de l'émancipation du travail triomphera dans le monde entier.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lenin&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-2875957430683380428?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/2875957430683380428'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/2875957430683380428'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/02/gora-martxoaren-8a-emakume-langilearen.html' title='Gora Martxoaren 8a, emakume langilearen borroka-egun internazionala'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bhOHhYrbUBE/T0gbdXKfL8I/AAAAAAAABzQ/w8jDNID4fEY/s72-c/lenin+stalin.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-4932215226723667244</id><published>2012-02-24T14:34:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-24T14:37:57.862-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Así actuan los amigos de Antikapitalistak y Gorripidea en la 'democratizada' Libia</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/yuCJcaQRIuA" width="420"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4SCXaWJbUCk/T0gQXJWDfxI/AAAAAAAABzI/swQKTAReOEM/s1600/GORRIPIDEA++2011.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="196" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4SCXaWJbUCk/T0gQXJWDfxI/AAAAAAAABzI/swQKTAReOEM/s400/GORRIPIDEA++2011.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;Foto: Los antitrotskistas de Antikapitalistak y Gorripidea solidarizandose con los "rebeldes" de la OTAN, peones del imperialismo en la agresión a Libia.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-4932215226723667244?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4932215226723667244'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4932215226723667244'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/02/asi-actuan-los-amigos-de.html' title='Así actuan los amigos de Antikapitalistak y Gorripidea en la &apos;democratizada&apos; Libia'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/yuCJcaQRIuA/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-5047937505346134464</id><published>2012-02-20T10:23:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-20T10:47:30.866-08:00</updated><title type='text'>El Ejercito Popular de Corea advierte a los provocadores belicistas contrarrevolucionarios coreanos</title><content type='html'>&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Wa52Q4CnrFI/T0KQhhKdj4I/AAAAAAAAByw/mPaTzzm6Q6Q/s1600/guerra+paz+vasca%5B1%5D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Wa52Q4CnrFI/T0KQhhKdj4I/AAAAAAAAByw/mPaTzzm6Q6Q/s1600/guerra+paz+vasca%5B1%5D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;LLL-demo, Berlin&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;Ejercito Popular de Corea envía aviso abierto al círculo militar surcoreano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fuente:&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href="http://www.kcna.kp/goHome.do?lang=spa"&gt;http://www.kcna.kp/goHome.do?lang=spa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pyongyang, 19 de febrero (ACNC) -- Con respecto a que los belicistas del círculo militar surcoreano intentan desarrollar el día 20 los ejercicios de fuego naval hacia las aguas jurisdiccionales de la República Popular Democrática de Corea en los alrededores de las 5 islas del Mar Oeste de Corea, la comandancia del frente occidental del Ejército Popular de Corea publicó el día 19 el siguiente aviso abierto:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tal intento de los belicistas surcoreanos constituye una premeditada provocación militar encaminada a mantener a toda costa esa ilegal e ilegítima "línea de limite al Norte" y llevar al umbral de guerra la situación general de la Península Coreana al agravar al máximo la ya bastante tensa situación de dicha zona marítima.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ante la situación dada, la comandancia del frente occidental del Ejército Popular de Corea avisa bajo la autorización como sigue:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Las aguas jurisdiccionales de la RPDC en el Mar Oeste de Corea son la zona donde ella ejerce dignamente su soberanía.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Si se inicia la provocación militar de los traidores surcoreanos contra la polémica zona sobrepasando la sagrada línea de demarcación marítima de la RPDC y se observa una sola espiral de agua en las zonas marítimas jurisdiccionales de ella, comenzará en el acto el implacable golpe de respuesta de la RPDC.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Por lo tanto, todos los civiles que habitan o se ganan la vida en las 5 islas del Mar Oeste y sus periferias, deberán evacuarse a los lugares seguros antes de las 9 del día 20 cuando se iniciará el provocativo fuego naval de los belicistas del círculo militar surcoreano.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La camarilla del traidor Lee Myung Bak no debe olvidar la lección del incidente de fuego artillero en la isla Yonphyong ocurrido el 23 de noviembre de 2010. -0-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tU9cVbPRRlY/T0KSg8gvg9I/AAAAAAAABy4/KDwLj2Xx1H4/s1600/korea+dictatorship.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="205" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tU9cVbPRRlY/T0KSg8gvg9I/AAAAAAAABy4/KDwLj2Xx1H4/s400/korea+dictatorship.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="hps"&gt;학살&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5MvmH2Vmejc/T0KU88tny6I/AAAAAAAABzA/8vbWuBlMsBM/s1600/dprk.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5MvmH2Vmejc/T0KU88tny6I/AAAAAAAABzA/8vbWuBlMsBM/s320/dprk.jpg" width="226" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cientificas norcoreanas&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;¡Por la defensa de la Revolucion coreana!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-5047937505346134464?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5047937505346134464'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5047937505346134464'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/02/el-ejercito-popular-de-corea-advierte.html' title='El Ejercito Popular de Corea advierte a los provocadores belicistas contrarrevolucionarios coreanos'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Wa52Q4CnrFI/T0KQhhKdj4I/AAAAAAAAByw/mPaTzzm6Q6Q/s72-c/guerra+paz+vasca%5B1%5D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-1522073883805953528</id><published>2012-02-18T07:42:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-18T07:43:09.738-08:00</updated><title type='text'>29 Marzo 2012: ¡Huelga general!</title><content type='html'>&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;29 de marzo, folga xeral! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;Martxoak 29, greba orokorra!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JVK6vw-o-v8/Tz_GuZGWjaI/AAAAAAAAByo/Y9HseJ3BitY/s1600/29+marzo+huelga+general.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JVK6vw-o-v8/Tz_GuZGWjaI/AAAAAAAAByo/Y9HseJ3BitY/s1600/29+marzo+huelga+general.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-1522073883805953528?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/1522073883805953528'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/1522073883805953528'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/02/29-marzo-huelga-general.html' title='29 Marzo 2012: ¡Huelga general!'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JVK6vw-o-v8/Tz_GuZGWjaI/AAAAAAAAByo/Y9HseJ3BitY/s72-c/29+marzo+huelga+general.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-1276113948390857089</id><published>2012-02-16T11:53:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-16T12:41:54.840-08:00</updated><title type='text'>In Defense of Homosexual Rights: The Marxist Tradition</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DoK7qeJw3wg/Tz1mI5GGA9I/AAAAAAAAByI/Du7pc3jWTHQ/s1600/femme+bolcheviks.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DoK7qeJw3wg/Tz1mI5GGA9I/AAAAAAAAByI/Du7pc3jWTHQ/s1600/femme+bolcheviks.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Milizia boltxebikea&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;In Defense of Homosexual Rights:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 26.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;The &lt;span style="color: #cc0000;"&gt;Marxist&lt;/span&gt; Tradition&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Defense of democratic rights for homosexuals is part&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;of the historic tradition of Marxism. In the 1860s, the&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;prominent lawyer J.B. von Schweitzer was tried, found&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;guilty and disbarred for homosexual activities in Mannheim,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Germany. The socialist pioneer Ferdinand Lassalle&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;aided von Schweitzer, encouraging him to join&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Lassalle's Universal German Workingmen's Association&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;in 1863. After Lassalle's death, von Schweitzer was&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;elected the head of the group, one of the organizations&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;that merged to form the German Social Democratic&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Party (SPD). The SPD itself waged a long struggle&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;in the late 19th century against Paragraph 175 of the&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;German penal code, which made homosexual acts (for&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;'males) a crime. August Bebel and other SPD members&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;in the Reichstag attacked the law, while the SPD's party&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;paper &lt;i&gt;Vorwarts &lt;/i&gt;reported on the struggle against state&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;persecution of homosexuals.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;In 1895 one of the most infamous anti-homosexual&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;outbursts of the period targeted Oscar Wilde, one of&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;the leading literary lights of England (where homosexuality&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;had been punishable by death until 1861). Wilde&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;had some socialist views of his own: his essay, "The Soul&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;of Man Under Socialism," was smuggled into Russia by&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;young radicals. When the Marquess of Queensberry&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;called him a sodomist, Wilde sued for libel. Queensberry&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;had Wilde successfully prosecuted and sent to prison&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;for being involved with Queensberry's son. The Second&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;International took up Wilde's defense. In the most&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;prestigious publication of the German Social Democracy,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;Die &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;Neue &lt;i&gt;Zeit, &lt;/i&gt;Eduard Bernstein, later known as a&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;revisionist but then speaking as a very decent Marxist,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;argued that there was nothing sick about homosexuality,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;that Wilde had committed no crime, that every&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;socialist should defend him and that the people who&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;put him on trial were the criminals.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Upon coming to power in 1917 in Russia, the Bolshevik&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Party began immediately to undercut the old bourgeois&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;prejudices and social institutions responsible for&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;the oppression of both women and homosexualscentrally&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;the institution of the family. They sought to&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;create social alternatives to relieve the crushing burden&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;of women's drudgery in the family, and abolished&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;all legal impediments to women's equality, while also&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;abolishing all laws against homosexual acts. Stalin's successful&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;political counterrevolution &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;rehabilitated the&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;reactionary ideology of bourgeois society, glorifying&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;the family unit. In 1934 a law making homosexual acts&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;punishable by imprisonment was introduced, and mass&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;arrests of homosexuals took place. While defending the&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;socialized property forms of the USSR against capitalist&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;attack, we Trotskyists fight for political revolution in the&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;USSR to restore the liberating program and goals of the&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;early Bolsheviks, including getting the state out of&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;private sexual life. As Grigorii Batkis, director of the&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Moscow Institute of Social Hygiene, pointed out in&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;"The Sexual Revolution in Russia," published in the&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;USSR in 1923:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;"Soviet legislation bases itself on the following&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;Winciple:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;'It declares the absolute non-interference &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;the state&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;and society into sexual matters &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;so &lt;i&gt;long &lt;/i&gt;as &lt;i&gt;nobody &lt;/i&gt;is&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;injured and no one's interests &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;are &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;encroached upon....&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;"Concerning homosexuality, sodomy, and various&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;other forms of sexual gratification, which are set down&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;in European legislation as offenses against public&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;morality-Soviet legislation treats these exactly the&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;same as so-called"natural' intercourse. All forms of&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;sexual intercourse are private matters." [emphasis in&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;original]&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;-quoted in John Lauritsen and David Thorstad,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;The Early Homosexual Rights Movement&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;1864-1935&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;—W&amp;amp;R [&lt;a href="http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/w&amp;amp;r/WR_035_1988.pdf"&gt;+]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-1276113948390857089?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/1276113948390857089'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/1276113948390857089'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/02/in-defense-of-homosexual-rights-marxist.html' title='In Defense of Homosexual Rights: The Marxist Tradition'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DoK7qeJw3wg/Tz1mI5GGA9I/AAAAAAAAByI/Du7pc3jWTHQ/s72-c/femme+bolcheviks.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-7872892700546013485</id><published>2012-02-13T09:46:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-13T09:47:58.107-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Atenasen ikusia</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_bqCjWLRVBM/TzlLn2Zi2UI/AAAAAAAAByA/JZzH_DD5jKc/s1600/global+civil+war.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="266" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_bqCjWLRVBM/TzlLn2Zi2UI/AAAAAAAAByA/JZzH_DD5jKc/s400/global+civil+war.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;"Gerra zibil globala, ez izan esklabo"&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;"Gerra zibila da nire aldarria, ez bake zibila"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;—&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Karl Liebknecht&lt;/em&gt; &lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.icl-fi.org/english/wv/994/honor_lll.html"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-7872892700546013485?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/7872892700546013485'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/7872892700546013485'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/02/atenasen-ikusia.html' title='Atenasen ikusia'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_bqCjWLRVBM/TzlLn2Zi2UI/AAAAAAAAByA/JZzH_DD5jKc/s72-c/global+civil+war.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-8070201541966292307</id><published>2012-02-11T07:13:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-11T07:15:58.633-08:00</updated><title type='text'>El regimen español</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/eFNEfY9f2p8" width="560"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tras la nueva reforma laboral contra la clase obrera ibérica, los perros de la tiranía burguesa atacaron salvajemente a las personas que protestaban en Madrid contra la nueva medida del goberno Raxoi, que sigue el camino marcado por el PsoE-GAL.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;¡POR LA&amp;nbsp;GUERRA DE CLASES&amp;nbsp;CONTRA EL NUEVO ATAQUE BURGUES!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-8070201541966292307?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8070201541966292307'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8070201541966292307'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/02/el-regimen-espanol.html' title='El regimen español'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/eFNEfY9f2p8/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-9182581878879600629</id><published>2012-02-11T06:58:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-11T07:00:21.524-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Folga Xeral nacional</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-O9rGH0gGGis/TzaCDe5Kh1I/AAAAAAAABx4/neigOC0_WwQ/s1600/folga+xeral+nacional.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="134" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-O9rGH0gGGis/TzaCDe5Kh1I/AAAAAAAABx4/neigOC0_WwQ/s400/folga+xeral+nacional.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;marzo 2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-9182581878879600629?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/9182581878879600629'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/9182581878879600629'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/02/folga-xeral-nacional.html' title='Folga Xeral nacional'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-O9rGH0gGGis/TzaCDe5Kh1I/AAAAAAAABx4/neigOC0_WwQ/s72-c/folga+xeral+nacional.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-6404645855041056732</id><published>2012-02-09T09:30:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-09T09:51:30.259-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Hileko traidorea</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;Fronte popularra lanean:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Horrela egiten dio 'aurre' AMAIUR koalizio burgesak estatu burgesari&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #134f5c;"&gt;El frente popular en acción:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #134f5c;"&gt;Así 'confronta' al estado burgués la coalición burguesa AMAIUR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hnQ5pZk-4bU/TzQCGj7E8uI/AAAAAAAABxo/xc6w1uLlA8E/s1600/fatima-banez-fatima+ba%C3%B1ez+beso+amaiur.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hnQ5pZk-4bU/TzQCGj7E8uI/AAAAAAAABxo/xc6w1uLlA8E/s400/fatima-banez-fatima+ba%C3%B1ez+beso+amaiur.jpg" width="325" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;S. Cuadra (AMAIUR) eta Fatima Bañez (PPko ministroa)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;Bien bitartean CIG galiziar sindikatuak greba orokor nazionalerako deia zabaldu du martxoaren azken asteko egun baterako (egun zehatza oraindik zehazteke dago).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.galizacig.com/avantar/novas/7-2-2012/a-cig-anuncia-a-convocatoria-dunha-folga-xeral-nacional-para-a-ultima-semana-do-mes-d"&gt;http://www.galizacig.com/avantar/novas/7-2-2012/a-cig-anuncia-a-convocatoria-dunha-folga-xeral-nacional-para-a-ultima-semana-do-mes-d&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PIRfKgDC44A/TzQHlqNqRlI/AAAAAAAABxw/N0Q1g479l-8/s1600/galice.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="267" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PIRfKgDC44A/TzQHlqNqRlI/AAAAAAAABxw/N0Q1g479l-8/s400/galice.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-6404645855041056732?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/6404645855041056732'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/6404645855041056732'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/02/hileko-traidorea.html' title='Hileko traidorea'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hnQ5pZk-4bU/TzQCGj7E8uI/AAAAAAAABxo/xc6w1uLlA8E/s72-c/fatima-banez-fatima+ba%C3%B1ez+beso+amaiur.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-1124473347689168155</id><published>2012-01-31T04:38:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-31T04:40:35.156-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Txakur arrazistak</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;Perros racistas / Chiens racistes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="287" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/bOBvuolRdbE" width="380"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-1124473347689168155?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/1124473347689168155'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/1124473347689168155'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/01/txakur-arrazistak.html' title='Txakur arrazistak'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/bOBvuolRdbE/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-8629140672722224933</id><published>2012-01-29T10:48:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-29T11:16:13.165-08:00</updated><title type='text'>China: Communists Lead the Fight for Women's Rights</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xhgDS_VQ90I/TyWWnQ-Mq6I/AAAAAAAABxQ/1Si-ENlaef0/s1600/%E5%90%91%E8%AD%A6%E4%BA%88%5B1%5D+Xiang+Jingyu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xhgDS_VQ90I/TyWWnQ-Mq6I/AAAAAAAABxQ/1Si-ENlaef0/s1600/%E5%90%91%E8%AD%A6%E4%BA%88%5B1%5D+Xiang+Jingyu.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;span id="ReportIDname"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Xiang Jingyu (向警予): Militante comunista china, pionera en la lucha por la igualdad de las mujeres, asesinada por contrarrevolucionarios&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;CHINA:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;Communists Lead the Fight &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;for Women's Rights&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/w&amp;amp;r/WR_045_1996_Winter-Spring.pdf"&gt;http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/w&amp;amp;r/WR_045_1996_Winter-Spring.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Chinese Communism arose along with the Chinese workers&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;movement from the milieu of mass student protests&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;in 1919 against colonial domination known as the May&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Fourth Movement. The young militants of that period&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;sought to modernize Chinese society as they fought the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;country's subjugation to imperialism. Thus, they were&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;wide open to radical ideas from the West, not least in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;regard to the question of women and the family. Not&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;only did they realize the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: HiddenHorzOCR; mso-fareast-font-family: HiddenHorzOCR;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;centrality &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;of the woman question&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;for China, but many were' themselves in open revolt against&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;the oppressive family system.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Chinese translations of sections of Friedrich Engels' work,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;The Origin &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;of &lt;i&gt;the Family, Private Property, and the &lt;/i&gt;State&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;(the entire work was not available in Chinese until 1929)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;were a profound influence on this layer, who found in&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;it the materialist understanding that footbinding, concubinage&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;and arranged marriages were rooted in the institution&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;of the family. Opposition to such "customs" was&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;thus raised from moral outrage to an appreciation that&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: HiddenHorzOCR; mso-fareast-font-family: HiddenHorzOCR;"&gt;they&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: HiddenHorzOCR; mso-fareast-font-family: HiddenHorzOCR;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;would be wiped out through overcoming the backwardness&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;of the &lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"&gt;country&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;as a whole. The knowledge that&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;the family developed with the emergence of class divisions&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;in society was particularly liberating: for years to come,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Chinese Marxists would refer to early matriarchal societies&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;to prove that women's oppression was not a natural con&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;dition&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;of human existence.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Under the impact of the October 1917 revolution in&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Russia, key May Fourth leaders such as Li Dazhao (Li&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Ta-chao) and Chen Duxiu (Ch'en Tu-hsiu) were won to&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;communism. A valuable book by U.S. academic Christina&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Kelley Gilmartin, &lt;i&gt;Engendering the Chinese Revolution&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;(University of California Press [1995]), documents the&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;pioneering efforts of Chinese communists in undertaking&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;special work among women. This work was consciously&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;modeled on the experience of the Bolshevik Party, which&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;championed the rights not only of the working class but&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;of all the oppressed.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-60egpgAyEzA/TyWYguDUyJI/AAAAAAAABxY/0NHoluhqWas/s1600/chen+duxiu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="200" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-60egpgAyEzA/TyWYguDUyJI/AAAAAAAABxY/0NHoluhqWas/s200/chen+duxiu.jpg" width="200" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lenin, Marx, Engels, Trotsky, Chen Duxiu&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Even before the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) 1921&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;founding congress in Shanghai, communists in Guangzhou&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;(Canton) were publishing a women's journal, &lt;i&gt;Labor and&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Women, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;co-edited by Chen Duxiu. At the 1921 congress,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;the party moved to do more systematic work, launching&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;the journal &lt;i&gt;Women's Critic. &lt;/i&gt;This was not narrowly conceived&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;as "women's work," but the work of the whole party. (It&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;couldn't be otherwise, as the CCP at the time had only&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;two female members out of 57.) While today most of&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;the left, which caters to bourgeois feminism, would see&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;this as a crime against nature, no Chinese radical of that&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;period saw the fight for women's emancipation as separate&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;from the broader revolutionary struggle.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;A party congress held the following year established a&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;committee to oversee its work among women-later&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;called the Central Women's Bureau-which was modeled&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;on the Bolsheviks' women's section, the Zhenotdel. The&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;work among women was initially concentrated in Shanghai,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;where women constituted over half of the working&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;class. Communists intervened into and eventually took&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;over the local Federation of Women's Circles and helped&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;set up schools to teach women literacy, such as the Shanghai&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Pingmin Girls' School, out of which they recruited&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;party writers and working-class organizers. This work&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;become a springboard for similar efforts from Beijing,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;where communist activity faced unrelenting repression&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;under warlord rule, to Hunan province where the party&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;was led by the young Mao Zedong, and especially&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Guangzhou, the center of nationalist fervor.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;In the revolutionary upsurge beginning in 1925, the&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;CCP developed a mass proletarian base. In 1926-27, an&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;estimated one and a half million women were members&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;of women's organizations generally led by Communists.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;In Guangzhou, International Women's Day rallies initiated&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;by Communists grew from around 3,000 in 1924&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;to 25,000 in 1927, as demonstrators demanded abolition&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;of arranged marriages, the right of women to divorce and&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;an end to exploitation of women workers. Polish Marxist&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Rosa Luxemburg, who was murdered by right-wing German&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Freikorps troops at the behest of the Social Democratic&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;government in 1919, became a special hero for&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;women throughout Guangdong province. Not only were&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;there memorial meetings and newspaper articles every&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;January on the anniversary of her and Karl Liebknecht's&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;assassination, but provincial peasant associations even&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;named their self-defense units "Rosa Luxemburg&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;battalions."&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;However, the young party's ground-breaking efforts&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;were fatally compromised by the CCP's alliance with the&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;GMD [&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;Guomindang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;], which after 1925 was led by Chiang Kai-shek. This&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;suicidal policy was foisted on the CCP by the leadership&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;of the Communist (Third) International under Stalin,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;who represented the consolidating bureaucratic&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;caste which had seized political power in the&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Soviet Union. Whereas the Comintern of Lenin&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;and Trotsky had sought the extension of socialist&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;revolution internationally, Stalin preached reliance&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;on "progressive" bourgeois forces considered to&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;be allies of the USSR. Thus the GMD, whose&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;founder Sun Yat-sen had professed admiration for&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;the Soviet workers state, was held by Stalin &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;&amp;amp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Co. to be the natural leader of China's impending&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;revolution.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Chinese Communists were directed to sign up&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;as individual members of the GMD. The CCP&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;turned over its membership lists and even its stock&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;of weapons to Chiang. The leader of the party's&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;women's bureau, Xiang Jingyu (Hsiang Ching-yu),&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;was assigned to build a women's organization&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;for the GMD. Trotsky sought to oppose this policy&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;in writings later published as &lt;i&gt;Problems &lt;/i&gt;of &lt;i&gt;the&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Chinese Revolution. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;There was also strong opposition&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;inside the CCP among those who recognized&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;that Chiang Kai-shek, who was beholden to the&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;warlords and imperialists, was the bitter class enemy&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;of China's working masses. Peng Shuzhi (Peng Shu-tse)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;fought against the atrophying of CCP work among&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;women. Peng, together with Chen Duxiu, the principal&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;leader of the CCP, was won to Trotskyism as a result of&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;the defeat engendered by Stalin's policies.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;The liquidation into the Guomindang led to disaster.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;Beginning in Guangzhou in March 1926, Chiang moved&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;to behead the CCP, culminating in an anti-Communist&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;bloodbath in Shanghai in April 1927 where tens of thousands&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;of militants were slaughtered. The white terror that&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;followed particularly targeted Communist women, tens&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;of thousands of whom were executed from 1927-1930,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;including Xiang Jingyu. In a single incident in Guangdong,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;200-300 women were slaughtered for having untraditional&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Verdana&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;"&gt;bobbed hair or unbound feet.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/w&amp;amp;r/WR_045_1996_Winter-Spring.pdf"&gt;http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/w&amp;amp;r/WR_045_1996_Winter-Spring.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-196D9K_dGo0/TyWZ3H_UWcI/AAAAAAAABxg/SqMf8flFTE8/s1600/shanghai-1927-beheading%5B1%5D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-196D9K_dGo0/TyWZ3H_UWcI/AAAAAAAABxg/SqMf8flFTE8/s1600/shanghai-1927-beheading%5B1%5D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Shanghai 1927, terrorismo blanco: Contrarrevolucionarios decapitan a un comunista&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-8629140672722224933?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8629140672722224933'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8629140672722224933'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/01/china-communists-lead-fight-for-womens.html' title='China: Communists Lead the Fight for Women&apos;s Rights'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xhgDS_VQ90I/TyWWnQ-Mq6I/AAAAAAAABxQ/1Si-ENlaef0/s72-c/%E5%90%91%E8%AD%A6%E4%BA%88%5B1%5D+Xiang+Jingyu.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-8260752824742897018</id><published>2012-01-26T08:41:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-26T09:02:40.907-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Lenin'/><title type='text'>Lenin: ¿Qué Hacer?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KMIpJBcKN54/TyGFx1673kI/AAAAAAAABww/_7gXb-1S-dc/s1600/komsomol+lenin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KMIpJBcKN54/TyGFx1673kI/AAAAAAAABww/_7gXb-1S-dc/s1600/komsomol+lenin.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Komsomol-eko gaztea Leninen irudia duen bere karneta erakusten&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;«La conciencia de la clase obrera no puede ser una verdadera conciencia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;política si los obreros no están acostumbrados a hacerse eco de &lt;i&gt;todos &lt;/i&gt;los&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;casos de arbitrariedad y opresión, de violencias y abusos &lt;i&gt;de toda especie,&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;cualesquiera que sean las clases &lt;/i&gt;afectadas; a hacerse eco, además, desde el&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;punto de vista socialdemócrata [/comunista] y no desde ningún otro. La conciencia de las&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;masas obreras no puede ser una verdadera conciencia de clase si los obreros&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;no aprenden, a base de hechos y acontecimientos políticos concretos y,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;además, necesariamente de actualidad, a observar a &lt;i&gt;cada una &lt;/i&gt;de las otras&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;clases sociales, &lt;i&gt;en todas &lt;/i&gt;las manifestaciones de la vida intelectual, moral&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;y política de esas clases; si no aprenden a aplicar en la práctica el análisis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;materialista y la apreciación materialista de &lt;i&gt;todos &lt;/i&gt;los aspectos de la actividad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;y de la vida de &lt;i&gt;todas &lt;/i&gt;las clases, capas y grupos de la población. Quien&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;oriente la atención, la capacidad de observación y la conciencia de la clase&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;obrera exclusivamente, o aunque solo sea con preferencia, hacia ella misma,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;no es un socialdemócrata [/comunista], pues el conocimiento de sí misma por parte de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;la clase obrera, está inseparablemente ligado a la completa nitidez no solo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;de los conceptos teóricos (…) [sino de] las ideas elaboradas sobre la base&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;de la experiencia de la vida política, acerca de las relaciones entre &lt;i&gt;todas&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;las clases de la sociedad actual. (...) &lt;span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"&gt;A&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;fin de llegar a ser un socialdemócrata [/comunista],&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;el obrero debe formarse una idea clara de la naturaleza económica y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;de la fisonomia social y política del terrateniente y del cura, del dignatario&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;y del campesino, del estudiante y del vagabundo, conocer sus lados fuertes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;y sus puntos flacos, saber orientarse en las frases y sofismas de toda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;indole más corrientes, con los que cada clase y cada capa &lt;i&gt;encubre &lt;/i&gt;sus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;apetitos egoístas y su verdadera 'entraña', saber distinguir qué instituciones&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;y leyes reflejan estos u otros intereses y cómo los reflejan. Y no es&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;en los libros donde puede  encontrarse esta 'idea clara': solo la pueden proporcionar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;cuadros vivos, asi como denuncias, formuladas sobre huellas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;frescas, de todo cuanto suceda en un momento determinado en torno nuestro,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;de lo que todos y cada uno hablan a su manera (. . .), de lo que se manifiesta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;en determinados acontecimientos, cifras, sentencias judiciales, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;Estas denuncias políticas que abarcan todos los aspectos de la vida son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;una condición indispensable y &lt;i&gt;fundamental &lt;/i&gt;para educar la actividad revolucionaria&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;de las masas» &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;u1:p&gt;&lt;/u1:p&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;«Ya que no puede hablarse de una ideología independiente, elaborada por las masas obreras en el curso de su movimiento, el problema se plantea solamente así: ideología burguesa o ideología socialista. No hay término medio (pues la humanidad no ha elaborado ninguna "tercera ideología"; además, en general, en la sociedad desgarrada por las contradicciones de clase, nunca puede existir una ideología al margen de las clases ni por encima de las clases). Por eso todo lo que sea rebajar la ideología socialista, todo lo que sea alejarse de ella, equivale a fortalecer la ideología burguesa» &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;—&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;Lenin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. '&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;"&gt;¿Qué facer?'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-8260752824742897018?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8260752824742897018'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8260752824742897018'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/01/lenin-que-hacer.html' title='Lenin: ¿Qué Hacer?'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KMIpJBcKN54/TyGFx1673kI/AAAAAAAABww/_7gXb-1S-dc/s72-c/komsomol+lenin.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-8543482205366308515</id><published>2012-01-23T08:02:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-25T05:44:17.533-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Trotskistas en Vietnam</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OjVO1efNYAk/Tx2EvR-ZAtI/AAAAAAAABwQ/7VLuZlm5ZDI/s1600/viet+nam+trotsky+1945+fourth+international.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OjVO1efNYAk/Tx2EvR-ZAtI/AAAAAAAABwQ/7VLuZlm5ZDI/s1600/viet+nam+trotsky+1945+fourth+international.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Đệ Tứ Quốc tế&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;“Los capitalistas y feudalistas que hoy sirven al estado mayor japonés también servirán mañana a los estados imperialistas Aliados. Los nacionalistas pequeñoburgueses con sus politicas aventureristas también serán incapaces de liderar al pueblo a la victoria revolucionaria. Solo la clase obrera luchando independientemente bajo la bandera de la 4ª International puede realizar las tareas de la vanguardia de la revolución.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Los stalinistas de la [&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;burocratizada&lt;/span&gt;] 3ª Internacional  ya han abandonado a la clase obrera para capitular miserablemente ante los imperialistas ‘democráticos’.  Han traicionado a los campesinos para no hablar más de la cuestión agraria. Si hoy marchan con los capitalistas extranjeros, también ayudarán mañana a las clases explotadoras domésticas a aplastar al pueblo revolucionario próximamente.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obrers y campesins! Uníos bajo la bandera del partido de la Cuarta Internacional!”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;—&lt;em&gt;Manifesto de la Liga Comunista Internacional (Vietnam). 1945 marzo 24&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/document/icl-spartacists/vietnam/trotskyism.html"&gt;http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/document/icl-spartacists/vietnam/trotskyism.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7VjoioPTbp0/Tx2HIVr2haI/AAAAAAAABwY/Mx36Onw9-EU/s1600/thau%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7VjoioPTbp0/Tx2HIVr2haI/AAAAAAAABwY/Mx36Onw9-EU/s1600/thau%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tạ Thu Thâu&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YmWPeJkkBso/Tx2MZeH9VeI/AAAAAAAABwo/jh1_z5Fq3RY/s1600/ho+chi+minh+1924%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YmWPeJkkBso/Tx2MZeH9VeI/AAAAAAAABwo/jh1_z5Fq3RY/s1600/ho+chi+minh+1924%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Trotsky, codirigente de la&amp;nbsp;3ª Internacional en su fase revolucionaria, sentado con&amp;nbsp;militante negro y&amp;nbsp;Ho Chi Minh en&amp;nbsp;1924&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6o1_bKanPko/Tx2HiFgFqhI/AAAAAAAABwg/_C27y9lHEQw/s1600/lenin+trotsky.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6o1_bKanPko/Tx2HiFgFqhI/AAAAAAAABwg/_C27y9lHEQw/s1600/lenin+trotsky.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lenin eta Trotsky&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-8543482205366308515?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8543482205366308515'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8543482205366308515'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/01/trotskistas-en-vietnam.html' title='Trotskistas en Vietnam'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OjVO1efNYAk/Tx2EvR-ZAtI/AAAAAAAABwQ/7VLuZlm5ZDI/s72-c/viet+nam+trotsky+1945+fourth+international.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-5493569721485695944</id><published>2012-01-16T04:37:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-23T05:04:31.699-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Berlin: Lenin-Liebknecht-Luxemburg manifestazioa 2012</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;LLL-demo, Berlin. 2012/1/15&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2HnxYRdU7aE/Tx1Z6BQgE2I/AAAAAAAABwA/A2Kj_FBaiHM/s1600/spartak+2012%255B1%255D+berlin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="269" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2HnxYRdU7aE/Tx1Z6BQgE2I/AAAAAAAABwA/A2Kj_FBaiHM/s400/spartak+2012%255B1%255D+berlin.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tiSUVARwusc/TxQZtkuQuOI/AAAAAAAABvI/-00Dcy8TjxY/s1600/liebknecht+lux+berlin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tiSUVARwusc/TxQZtkuQuOI/AAAAAAAABvI/-00Dcy8TjxY/s1600/liebknecht+lux+berlin.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IaMQf73NXbw/TxQaZNdFpnI/AAAAAAAABvQ/2U4g-enSh_I/s1600/berlin+2012+alemania.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="266" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IaMQf73NXbw/TxQaZNdFpnI/AAAAAAAABvQ/2U4g-enSh_I/s400/berlin+2012+alemania.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DI3_U0ZW424/TxQb3Lh2soI/AAAAAAAABvY/i77gPhejMEk/s1600/berlin+2012+communist.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="266" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DI3_U0ZW424/TxQb3Lh2soI/AAAAAAAABvY/i77gPhejMEk/s400/berlin+2012+communist.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yvPxe5w0H-o/TxQcDtUnuXI/AAAAAAAABvg/NbLJz47iQxk/s1600/berlin+2012+demo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="255" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yvPxe5w0H-o/TxQcDtUnuXI/AAAAAAAABvg/NbLJz47iQxk/s400/berlin+2012+demo.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kAH9w-rpQQY/TxQcO1bjLKI/AAAAAAAABvo/TQ6t3TKitPQ/s1600/lll-demo+2012.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="212" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kAH9w-rpQQY/TxQcO1bjLKI/AAAAAAAABvo/TQ6t3TKitPQ/s320/lll-demo+2012.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BUXsASgFsKY/TxQca4bHzhI/AAAAAAAABvw/AxdQJQXj4j8/s1600/spartakus+2012.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BUXsASgFsKY/TxQca4bHzhI/AAAAAAAABvw/AxdQJQXj4j8/s1600/spartakus+2012.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iax92szRW2I/TxQco1aPNQI/AAAAAAAABv4/VYvIuq4vLIk/s1600/lll+2012+alemania+ddr.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="263" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iax92szRW2I/TxQco1aPNQI/AAAAAAAABv4/VYvIuq4vLIk/s400/lll+2012+alemania+ddr.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;ベルリン 2012 ---&amp;nbsp; 共産主義&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;베를린 --- 공산주의&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-5493569721485695944?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5493569721485695944'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5493569721485695944'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/01/berlin-lenin-liebknecht-luxemburg.html' title='Berlin: Lenin-Liebknecht-Luxemburg manifestazioa 2012'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2HnxYRdU7aE/Tx1Z6BQgE2I/AAAAAAAABwA/A2Kj_FBaiHM/s72-c/spartak+2012%255B1%255D+berlin.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-710843062702829932</id><published>2012-01-16T03:19:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-16T03:59:10.643-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Manuel Fraga Iribarne morreu na cama e non no paredón</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;Manuel Fraga Iribarne ohean hil da eta ez horman&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/hKCzfQ8dn0A" width="420"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-710843062702829932?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/710843062702829932'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/710843062702829932'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/01/manuel-fraga-iribarne-muere-en-la-cama.html' title='Manuel Fraga Iribarne morreu na cama e non no paredón'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/hKCzfQ8dn0A/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-5329699695679194529</id><published>2012-01-14T07:16:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-14T10:21:47.495-08:00</updated><title type='text'>« 打倒达赖喇嘛和帝国主义的挑衅! »</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--tcXIkfFbPk/TxGcGM31t6I/AAAAAAAABuY/bNWXNKDk2cg/s1600/china+brd+2008.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="298" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--tcXIkfFbPk/TxGcGM31t6I/AAAAAAAABuY/bNWXNKDk2cg/s400/china+brd+2008.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rNu2XHP-tX0/TxGcimJA2pI/AAAAAAAABuk/1GIteYGJF7g/s1600/communists%2Bgermany.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rNu2XHP-tX0/TxGcimJA2pI/AAAAAAAABuk/1GIteYGJF7g/s1600/communists%2Bgermany.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wpR_3iO0OfU/TxHF0i5_FLI/AAAAAAAABu4/T5r-m2YUVJY/s1600/dalai+lama+deutsch.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="356" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wpR_3iO0OfU/TxHF0i5_FLI/AAAAAAAABu4/T5r-m2YUVJY/s400/dalai+lama+deutsch.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;«&lt;em&gt;Nieder mit provokationen von Dalai Lama und Imperialisten! (Spartakist)&lt;/em&gt;»&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-5329699695679194529?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5329699695679194529'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5329699695679194529'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/01/blog-post.html' title='« 打倒达赖喇嘛和帝国主义的挑衅! »'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--tcXIkfFbPk/TxGcGM31t6I/AAAAAAAABuY/bNWXNKDk2cg/s72-c/china+brd+2008.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-2370765197012802887</id><published>2012-01-12T05:05:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-12T05:18:37.211-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Trotskistas en New York: "¡Abajo la contrarrevolución de Yeltsin-Bush!"</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Iv0iOK0fuLY/Tw7aF-SaoNI/AAAAAAAABuQ/Uy6cnz65FgE/s1600/trotskistas.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Iv0iOK0fuLY/Tw7aF-SaoNI/AAAAAAAABuQ/Uy6cnz65FgE/s1600/trotskistas.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trotskyists in New York: "Down with Yeltsin-Bush counterrevolution!"&lt;/strong&gt; (1992)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: white;"&gt;Троцкизм - 托洛茨基主義&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-2370765197012802887?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/2370765197012802887'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/2370765197012802887'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/01/trotskistas-en-new-york-abajo-la.html' title='Trotskistas en New York: &quot;¡Abajo la contrarrevolución de Yeltsin-Bush!&quot;'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Iv0iOK0fuLY/Tw7aF-SaoNI/AAAAAAAABuQ/Uy6cnz65FgE/s72-c/trotskistas.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-2772960581172156069</id><published>2012-01-09T08:19:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-09T08:28:41.238-08:00</updated><title type='text'>"AMNISTIA Autodeterminazioa eta sozialismoa!"</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HnNRFwLXQWY/TwsTUpRGBdI/AAAAAAAABuA/f9o159qjPrg/s1600/pays+basque+amnistia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HnNRFwLXQWY/TwsTUpRGBdI/AAAAAAAABuA/f9o159qjPrg/s1600/pays+basque+amnistia.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bilbo, 2012ko urtarrilak 7&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9q6BO2kKqbg/TwsU3wPH_1I/AAAAAAAABuI/LjsbsSWtOJw/s1600/manifestazioa+2012+presoak.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9q6BO2kKqbg/TwsU3wPH_1I/AAAAAAAABuI/LjsbsSWtOJw/s1600/manifestazioa+2012+presoak.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-2772960581172156069?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/2772960581172156069'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/2772960581172156069'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/01/amnistia-autodeterminazioa-eta.html' title='&quot;AMNISTIA Autodeterminazioa eta sozialismoa!&quot;'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HnNRFwLXQWY/TwsTUpRGBdI/AAAAAAAABuA/f9o159qjPrg/s72-c/pays+basque+amnistia.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-4433950143804845120</id><published>2012-01-06T12:33:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-06T12:35:09.288-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Communists in Moscow, 1992</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YJwSjiutq0o/TwdaU3c_SvI/AAAAAAAABt4/vG2o8BqrNk0/s1600/trotsky+trotskyists.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="305" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YJwSjiutq0o/TwdaU3c_SvI/AAAAAAAABt4/vG2o8BqrNk0/s400/trotsky+trotskyists.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;"No to capitalist restoration! Yes to gains of October!"&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-4433950143804845120?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4433950143804845120'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4433950143804845120'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/01/communists-in-moscow-1992.html' title='Communists in Moscow, 1992'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YJwSjiutq0o/TwdaU3c_SvI/AAAAAAAABt4/vG2o8BqrNk0/s72-c/trotsky+trotskyists.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-7090597054182593402</id><published>2012-01-04T07:47:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-04T07:59:59.791-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Lenin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Estatua eta Iraultza'/><title type='text'>'Estatua eta Iraultza' (Lenin) 5. kapitulua, 3. puntua</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T3ZSb2YyeG0/TwR3dS5lsoI/AAAAAAAABtk/rxvjTh6DapE/s1600/pays+basque+carte.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T3ZSb2YyeG0/TwR3dS5lsoI/AAAAAAAABtk/rxvjTh6DapE/s1600/pays+basque+carte.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;3.- GIZARTE KOMUNISTAREN LEHENENGO FASEA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gotha-ko Programaren Kritika&lt;/em&gt;n, Marx-ek zehatz mehatz errefusatzen&lt;br /&gt;du, sozialismoan, langileak “lanaren produktu osoa” jasoko&lt;br /&gt;duela dioen ideia lassallearra. Marxek, gizarte guztiaren&lt;br /&gt;lan sozial guztitik erreserbako fondo bat, ekoizpena handitzeko,&lt;br /&gt;makina “gastatuak” berritzeko, etab.erako beste fondo bat,&lt;br /&gt;eta kontsumorako objektuez gain, administrazio, eskola, hospitale,&lt;br /&gt;zaharren egoitza, etab.entzat beste fondo bat deskontatu&lt;br /&gt;beharko dela frogatzen du.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lassalleren esaldi lauso, nahasi eta orokorraren ordez&lt;br /&gt;(“langileari lanaren produktu osoa eman”), Marxek azterketa&lt;br /&gt;zentzudun bat ematen du gizarte sozialistak bere aferak nola&lt;br /&gt;administratu beharko dituenaren inguruan. Marxek, kapitalismoa&lt;br /&gt;existituko ez den gizarte honen bizi baldintzen analisi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;konkretuari&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; heltzen dio, eta honela dio:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Hemen” (langile alderdiaren programaren azterketan)&lt;br /&gt;“kontua ez da bere oinarriaren gainean garatu den gizarte komunista&lt;br /&gt;bat, baizik eta alderantziz, hain zuzen ere gizarte kapitalistatik&lt;br /&gt;irten berria den bat eta, beraz, oraindik ere bere alderdi&lt;br /&gt;guztietan, ekonomikoan, moralean eta intelektualean,&lt;br /&gt;gizarte zaharraren zigilua aurkezten duena, zeinaren barrenetatik&lt;br /&gt;sortua izan baiten”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gizarte komunista hau da, kapitalismoaren barrenetik&lt;br /&gt;atera berria dena eta bere aspektu guztietan gizarte zaharraren&lt;br /&gt;zigilua daramana, Marxek gizarte komunistaren “lehenengo”&lt;br /&gt;fasea edo behe fasea deitzen diona.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ekoizpen baliabideak jada gizabanakoen jabetza pribatu&lt;br /&gt;izateari utzi diote gizarte guztiaren jabetza izateko. Bertako&lt;br /&gt;kide bakoitzak, sozialki beharrezkoa den lanaren zati jakin bat&lt;br /&gt;burutzean, gizartetik lan kopuru hau edo bestea egin izanaren&lt;br /&gt;akreditazio agiri bat jasotzen du. Agiri honengatik, kontsumo&lt;br /&gt;gaien biltegi sozialetatik dagokion produktuen kopurua eskuratzen&lt;br /&gt;du. Behin fondo sozialera pasatzen den lan kopurua ondorioztatuta,&lt;br /&gt;langile bakoitzak, beraz, gizartetik ematen dion&lt;br /&gt;adina jasotzen du.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dirudienez, “berdintasuna” da nagusi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baina Lassallek, ordena sozial honetaz mintzatzean (sozialismo&lt;br /&gt;izendatu ohi dena eta Marxek komunismoaren lehen&lt;br /&gt;fase izendatzen duena), hau “bidezko banaketa” dela dio, “bakoitzak&lt;br /&gt;lanaren produktu berdinera duen eskubide berdina”&lt;br /&gt;dela. Lassalle okertu egiten da, eta Marxek agerian uzten du&lt;br /&gt;bere okerra.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hemen “eskubide berdinak” —dio Marxek—, printzipioz,&lt;br /&gt;oraindik “eskubide burgesa” izaten jarraitzen du, eskubide orok&lt;br /&gt;bezala, &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;desberdintasun bat aurresuposatzen&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; duelarik. Eskubide&lt;br /&gt;orok gizaki &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ezberdinei&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; neurri &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;berdina&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; aplikatzea esan nahi du,&lt;br /&gt;hauek benetan antzekoak ez direnean, elkarren artean berdinak&lt;br /&gt;ez direnean; horrenbestez, “eskubide berdina” berdintasunaren&lt;br /&gt;urratze bat eta bidegabekeria bat da. Egia esan, bakoitzak&lt;br /&gt;bestearen lan sozialaren zati berdina egiten badu, produktu&lt;br /&gt;sozialaren zati berdina jasotzen du (adierazitako ondorioak egin&lt;br /&gt;ostean).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hala ere, gizakiak ez dira berdinak: batzuk indartsuagoak&lt;br /&gt;dira eta besteak ahulagoak; batzuk ezkondurik daude eta&lt;br /&gt;besteak ezkongabe; batzuk besteek baino seme alaba gehiago&lt;br /&gt;dituzte, etab.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“…Lan berdinarekin —amaitzen du Marxek— eta, beraz,&lt;br /&gt;kontsumo fondo sozialeko partehartze berdinarekin, batzuk&lt;br /&gt;besteek baino gehiago lortzen dute, batzuk besteak baino aberatsagoak&lt;br /&gt;dira, etab. Eragozpen hauek guztiak ekiditeko, eskubideak&lt;br /&gt;ez luke berdina izan behar, ezberdina baizik…”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Horrenbestez, komunismoko lehen faseak ezin du oraindik&lt;br /&gt;justiziarik ez berdintasunik ezarri: aberastasun ezberdintasunek&lt;br /&gt;irauten dute, ezberdintasun bidegabeek; baina jada&lt;br /&gt;bazterturik geratuko da gizakiaren gizakiagatiko esplotazioa,&lt;br /&gt;ez baita posible izango, jabetza pribatuko tituluarekin, ekoizpen&lt;br /&gt;baliabideetaz, lantegietaz, makinetaz, lurraz, etab.etaz jabetzea.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Orokorrean&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; “berdintasunari” eta “justiziari” buruzko&lt;br /&gt;Lassalleren esaldi burges txikia birrinduz, Marxek gizarte komunistaren&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;garapenaren bilakaera&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; seinalatzen du; lehenik,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;behartua&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; egongo da, soilik gizabanako isolatuek ekoizpen baliabideak&lt;br /&gt;usurpatzean datzan “injustizia” hori suntsitzera,&lt;br /&gt;baina ez da gai izango kolpetik beste injustizia ere suntsitzeko,&lt;br /&gt;kontsumo gaiak “lanaren arabera” (eta ez beharren arabera)&lt;br /&gt;banatzean datzan hura suntsitzeko.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ekonomista zabarrek, irakasle burgesak barne, eta euren&lt;br /&gt;artean “gure” Tuganek, sozialistei behin eta berriz gizakien&lt;br /&gt;arteko ezberdintasuna ahazten dutela eta ezberdintasun&lt;br /&gt;hau suntsitzea “amesten” dutela aurpegiratzen diete. Horrelako&lt;br /&gt;gaitzespenek, ikusten dugun moduan, jaun ideologo burges&lt;br /&gt;hauen erabateko ezjakintasuna bakarrik erakusten dute.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Marxek modurik zehatzenean hartzen du kontuan, ez&lt;br /&gt;bakarrik gizakien ezberdintasun sahiestezina, baita ekoizpen&lt;br /&gt;baliabideak gizarte guztiaren jabetza komun izatera pasatze&lt;br /&gt;soilak ere (“sozialismoa”, hitzaren ohiko zentzuan) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ez dituela&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;banaketaren akatsak eta “eskubide burgesaren” ezberdintasuna&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ezabatzen&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, honek &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;agintzen jarraitzen&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; duela, produktuak&lt;br /&gt;“lanaren arabera” banatzen diren heinean.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“…Baina akats hauek —jarraitzen du Marxek— ekidinezinak&lt;br /&gt;dira gizarte komunistaren lehen fasean, gizarte kapitalistatik&lt;br /&gt;jaiotzen baita erditze luze eta mingarri baten ondoren.&lt;br /&gt;Eskubideak ezin du inoiz egitura ekonomikoaren ezta honek&lt;br /&gt;baldintzatua den gizartearen garapen kultularalen gainetik&lt;br /&gt;egon…”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Honela beraz, gizarte komunistaren lehen fasean (sozialismoa&lt;br /&gt;izendatu ohi dena), “eskubide burgesa” ez da erabat ezabatzen,&lt;br /&gt;baizik eta soilik zati batean, soilik jada lorturiko eraldaketa&lt;br /&gt;ekonomikoaren neurrian, hau da, soilik ekoizpen baliabideei&lt;br /&gt;dagokienean. “Eskubide burgesak” gizabanakoen ekoizpen&lt;br /&gt;baliabideen gaineko jabetza pribatua aitortzen du. Sozialismoak&lt;br /&gt;hauek jabetza &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;komun&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; bihurtzen ditu. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Zentzu honetan&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; —eta&lt;br /&gt;soilik zentzu honetan— desagertzen da “eskubide burgesa”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hala ere, eskubide honek bere beste aspektu batean ere&lt;br /&gt;irauten du: gizarteko kideen artean produktuen banaketaren&lt;br /&gt;eta lanaren banaketaren erregulatzaile bezala. “Lan egiten ez&lt;br /&gt;duenak ez du jaten”: printzipio sozialista hau &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;jada&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; errealitate&lt;br /&gt;bat da; “lanaren kopuru berdinari, produktuen kopuru berdina”:&lt;br /&gt;printzipio sozialista hau ere &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;jada&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; errealitate bat da. Baina&lt;br /&gt;hau ez da oraindik komunismoa, ez du oraindik “eskubide&lt;br /&gt;burgesa” ezabatzen, honek produktu kopuru berdina ematen&lt;br /&gt;baitie berdinak ez diren gizakiei eta lanaren kopuru ezberdinagatik&lt;br /&gt;(ezberdina izatez).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hau “akats” bat da, dio Marxek, baina komunismoaren lehen&lt;br /&gt;fasearen akats ekidinezina, zeren, utopian erori gabe, ezin&lt;br /&gt;pentsa daiteke, kapitalismoa eraistean, gizakiek berehala gizartearentzako&lt;br /&gt;lan egiten ikasiko dutenik &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;inongo eskubide arauri&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;heldu gabe&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;; gainera, kapitalismoaren abolizioak ez ditu &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;bat-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;batean&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; aldaketa honetarako premisa ekonomikoak ezartzen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beste arauak, “eskubide burgesetik” kanpo, ez dira existitzen&lt;br /&gt;eta, horrenbestez, oraindik Estatuaren beharrak iraun&lt;br /&gt;egiten du, ekoizpen baliabideen jabetza komuna zainduz, lanaren&lt;br /&gt;berdintasuna eta produktuen banaketaren berdintasuna&lt;br /&gt;zainduko duela.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Estatua kapitalistak ez dauden heinean, jada klaseak ez&lt;br /&gt;dauden heinean iraungitzen da eta, honexegatik beragatik, ez&lt;br /&gt;dago inongo &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;klaserik erreprimitu&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; beharrik.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baina Estatua ez da oraindik guztiz iraungitu, zeren benetako&lt;br /&gt;berdintasuna zigortzen duen “eskubide burgesaren”&lt;br /&gt;babesak irauten du. Estatua erabat iraungitzeko beharrezkoa&lt;br /&gt;da erabateko komunismoa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-Lenin&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-7090597054182593402?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/7090597054182593402'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/7090597054182593402'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/01/estatua-eta-iraultza-lenin-5-kapitulua.html' title='&apos;Estatua eta Iraultza&apos; (Lenin) 5. kapitulua, 3. puntua'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-T3ZSb2YyeG0/TwR3dS5lsoI/AAAAAAAABtk/rxvjTh6DapE/s72-c/pays+basque+carte.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-8787517001913910375</id><published>2012-01-01T14:15:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-02T03:07:26.670-08:00</updated><title type='text'>La primera revolución liderada por comunistas en America</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;1932-2012 &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;80 aniversario&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="background: black; color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; mso-highlight: black; mso-themecolor: background1;"&gt;Historia de El Salvador&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: background1;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-large;"&gt;El salvador 1932: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: x-large;"&gt;La primera insurrección comunista en America&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-large;"&gt;y la Matanza de 30.000 tras ella&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;El 22 de enero de 1932 miles de campesinos se levantaron en rebelión, en la que fue la primera insurrección liderada por &lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;comunistas&lt;/b&gt; en las Americas. El levantamiento fue aplastado, por desgracia,&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;y unos &lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;30.000&lt;/b&gt; obrer@s y campesin@s, muchos de ellos americanos originarios, fueron masacrados por las fuerzas de las clases explotadoras en las semanas siguientes a la heroica acción. Más del 2% de la población desapareció de la nocha a la mañana como consecuencia de la represión contrarrevolucionaria, los sindicatos fueron aplastados y el movimiento revolucionario sofocado. Tal acontecimiento recibió el nombre de &lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;la &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;Matanza. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Tras todo ello el país fue dirigido con puño de hierro durante largas décadas por el gobierno militar burgués, títere de los imperialistas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Pero la Matanza no es sólo un acontecimiento trágico, tambien muestra el poder revolucionario de los explotados en su lucha contra los amos y sus sanguinarios perros, la determinación de un pueblo por su liberación en condiciones tremendamente desfavorables, con una pequeña clase obrera, un movimiento revolucionario débil y desarmado, pero con miles de campesinos y obreros del campo dispuestos a desafiar al poder de terratenientes y capitalistas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dlfiUzoexJM/TwDcaCfJ3OI/AAAAAAAABtM/ELUumaUrkF0/s1600/FARABUNDO+MARTI%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dlfiUzoexJM/TwDcaCfJ3OI/AAAAAAAABtM/ELUumaUrkF0/s1600/FARABUNDO+MARTI%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Raices de la rebelión y Farabundo Martí&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;El origen de la revuelta de 1932 hay que buscarlo en el capitalismo agrícola en El Salvador, que se vio envuelto en el colapso de los mercados de 1929 y la depresión capitalista posterior.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;El desarrollo de grandes plantaciones de café arrojó a los americanos originarios fuera de los ancestrales terrenos que trabajaban, destruyendo el sistema comunal agrícola que los alimentaba desde siglos atrás. Pero la formación de una masa de trabajadores asalariados del campo y de campesinos colonos oprimidos hizo surgir un peligroso enemigo de clase para los propietarios de los cafetales, ya que la caida de los precios por causa de la depresión capitalista hizo que los campesinos se murieran de hambre por la falta de trabajo o terras, creando una situación de gran descontento.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Los líderes de la rebelión hay que buscarlos en el &lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Partido Comunista Salvadoreño &lt;/b&gt;y la Federación Regional de Trabajadores Salvadoreños, liderada por el PC. Inspirads por la Revolución Obrera sovietica fundaron el movimiento comunista en Centroamerica en 1925, que operaba &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;dentro de El Salvador ya para 1930. Su lider más efectivo era &lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Farabundo Martí&lt;/b&gt;, secretario general de la sección de Socorro Rojo Internacional.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Los lazos de la Internacional Comunista stalinizada con Centroamerica eran muy ténues, y Farabundo Martí no estaba dispuesto a someterse a la burocracia de la ‘Stalintern’. &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;“In those days [circa 1925-27] Martí wore a red star on his lapel with a picture of Leon Trotsky on it. At this time, of course, Trotsky was in disgrace, but not yet anathema… it would be wrong to think of this temperamental and passionate Salvadorean as stalinist” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;(Thomas Anderson&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;, ‘Matanza: El Salvador’s Communist Revolt of 1932’&lt;/i&gt;). &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Ciertamente Farabundo era un internacionalista, en 1925 fue expulsado de Guatemala por ayudar a organizar el Partido Socialista de Centroamerica, en 1928 fue detenido en New York en un asalto policial a la Liga Anti-Imperialista, organización del PC de USA. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Durante 1928-29 combatió con Augusto Sandino contra la ocupación imperialista de Nicaragua, pero Farabundo rompió con Sandino diciendo que este solo luchaba por la independencia y no por la rebelión social.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R_R7k2U0U50/TwDcf4m43oI/AAAAAAAABtY/aRaUf_VzlTs/s1600/ikurrina.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="160" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R_R7k2U0U50/TwDcf4m43oI/AAAAAAAABtY/aRaUf_VzlTs/s320/ikurrina.png" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;“¡Lucha contra la burguesía nacional!”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;La crisis política surgida de la crisis del crash cafetero obligó al presidente &lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Pio Romero&lt;/b&gt;, cuyo gobierno reprimía violentamente la FRTS y Socorro Rojo, a convocar elecciones en 1931, las cuales fueron ganadas por el liberal &lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Arturo Araujo&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Pero no corrían buenos tiempos para las reformas y el nuevo presidente continuó reprimiendo huelgas rurales en las fincas, &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;manifestaciones estudiantiles, etc.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Mientras, los comunistas, comenzaron a recibir audiencia entre las clases oprimidas. En uno de sus manifiestos clamaban:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;“&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;El Partido Comunista llama a los obreros y campesinos pobres de El Salvador a luchar a sangre contra la burguesía nacional, que está aliada incondicionalmente a los imperialistas yanquis…&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;¡Abajo el imperialismo agresor y sus perros nacionales!&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;¡Abajo el gobierno fascista de Arturo Araujo!”&lt;/i&gt;(Traducido del inglés, W.V. 282)&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Entretanto, Araujo fue derrocado por el golpe militar derechista de 1931, que subió al poder a &lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez&lt;/b&gt;. Rápido las condiciones para una revolución parecieron evidentes: campesinos amerindios dirigidos por lideres tribales locales aliados de los comunistas entraron en fervor revolucionario, además, se conocía simpatía entre la tropa de la armada hacia los rojos. Tras intenso debate el PC decidó que era ahora o nunca.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Pero todo lo que pudo salir mal, salió mal. Los simpatizantes en la armada fueron asesinados o detenidos; los lideres del partido arrestados. No habia armas ni plan. La hora cero de la medianoche del 22 llegó para la revolucion. Curiosamente 4 volcanes centroamericanos entraron en erupción esa misma noche, entre ellos el Izalco de El Salvador.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Los rebeldes hicieron todo lo que pudieron, pero su valentía estaba condenada al fracaso. Barcos de guerra de USA y Inglaterra esperaban en la costa, pero Martinez les informó de que no sería necesaria su intervencion: “&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;4.800 comunistas han sido liquidados&lt;/i&gt;”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;El levantamiento habia sido sofocado. Ahora empezaban las masacres punitivas contra los esclavos que osan &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;desafiar al amo. En una orgía de sangre y brutalidad 30.000 personas fueron asesinadas, entre ellas Farabundo Martí, que instantes antes de ser ejecutado clamó: &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;“¡¡Viva el Socorro Rojo internacional!!” &lt;/i&gt;Otros líderes, tambien asesinados, exclamaron&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt; “¡Viva la Internacional Comunista!”, &lt;/i&gt;o incluso&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt; “¡Viva Stalin!”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;La tentativa de toma de poder fracasó. Nuevas generaciones de revolucionarios americanos tomarán el testigo en sus manos para acabar para siempre con el viejo regimen de los terratenientes y capitalistas.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; /wv-n oinarritua/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-8787517001913910375?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8787517001913910375'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8787517001913910375'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2012/01/la-primera-revolucion-liderada-por.html' title='La primera revolución liderada por comunistas en America'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dlfiUzoexJM/TwDcaCfJ3OI/AAAAAAAABtM/ELUumaUrkF0/s72-c/FARABUNDO+MARTI%255B1%255D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-9185759514407035618</id><published>2011-12-30T10:02:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-30T10:13:59.562-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Zhanaozen-go grabalarien sarraskiaren irudiak</title><content type='html'>Irudi gehiago Zhanaozen-dik.&lt;br /&gt;Langile grebalariak sarraskituz ospatu dute Kazakhstango txakurrek kontrairaultzaren 20. urteurrena. Gutxienez hamalau hildako utzi ditu poliziaren erasoak.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #134f5c;"&gt;Mas imagenes desde Zhanaozen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #134f5c;"&gt;Los perros de Kazakhstan han celebrado el 20. aniversario de la contrarrevolucion masacrando&amp;nbsp; obrers huelgistas. 14 muertos al menos a dejado el ataque policial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/a6zhnmFlUYU" width="420"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-9185759514407035618?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/9185759514407035618'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/9185759514407035618'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/zhanaozen-go-grabalarien-sarraskiaren.html' title='Zhanaozen-go grabalarien sarraskiaren irudiak'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/a6zhnmFlUYU/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-5700140001445096664</id><published>2011-12-30T08:38:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-30T08:38:40.321-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Irlandako irakaspenak</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1C7_X_y4a1s/Tv3ovpzqEUI/AAAAAAAABs0/7xIiiI260F0/s1600/spartacist%255B1%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1C7_X_y4a1s/Tv3ovpzqEUI/AAAAAAAABs0/7xIiiI260F0/s1600/spartacist%255B1%255D.png" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Irlandar trotskisten prentsa&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-5700140001445096664?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5700140001445096664'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5700140001445096664'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/irlandako-irakaspenak.html' title='Irlandako irakaspenak'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1C7_X_y4a1s/Tv3ovpzqEUI/AAAAAAAABs0/7xIiiI260F0/s72-c/spartacist%255B1%255D.png' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-4075546377668400698</id><published>2011-12-30T04:07:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-30T08:36:02.510-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Fukuyamak arrazoi: Historiaren amaiera da (eta prehistoriaren hasiera)</title><content type='html'>Al final vamos a tener que dar la razon al ideologo burgés Francis Fukuyama cuando, con la clarividencia del intelectual adicto al regimen, predijo el fin de la Historia tras la contrarrevolucion en el bloque del Este, Mongolia&amp;nbsp;y la URSS.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El proletariado húngaro lleva tiempo disfrutando del 'Mundo Libre' tras la vuelta al &lt;em&gt;ancien régime&lt;/em&gt; capitalista. Ahora el lumpenproletariado podrá disfrutar de las grutas y&amp;nbsp;cuevas del pais, porque la tiranía capitalista ha decidido aplicar la &lt;em&gt;Solución Final&lt;/em&gt; al problema galopante&amp;nbsp;de la pobreza persiguiendo a los parias que habitan las gélidas calles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fukuyama, pues, tenia razon: Es el fin de la Historia... y el comienzo de la &lt;strong&gt;Prehistoria.&lt;/strong&gt; Parece que, de la misma manera que la burguesia crea al proletariado, la contrarrevolución capitalista ha creado el comunismo, en este caso el Comunismo Primitivo. El arte parietal,&amp;nbsp;la hoguera a combustión de madera, el silex y los chamanes del Vaticano están otra vez de moda. Eso hasta que la Revolucion Comunista barra otra vez con toda la vieja escoria y&amp;nbsp;vuelva a ondear triunfante la bandera roja sobre Budapest.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/9KhEZddSlfE" width="560"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Euronews:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;En Hongrie, de plus en plus de sans abris sont obligés de se cacher, ou de trouver refuge à la périphérie des villes – comme ici dans cette forêt près de Budapest – car depuis le début du mois, les &lt;span class="caps"&gt;SDF&lt;/span&gt; peuvent écoper d’amendes s’ils dorment dans la rue. Ceux qui ne peuvent pas payer sont passibles d’une peine de prison.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;“Mettre les gens en prison alors qu’ils ne font que dormir, c’est incroyable. où sont-ils censés dormir s’ils n’ont pas d’autre choix ? et en plus les punir avec des amendes ? où vont-ils trouver l’argent?”, s’indigne Julianna Szvett, une sans-abris.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cette loi voulue par Fidesz, le parti au pouvoir, est censée inciter les sans-abris à se rendre dans les centres d’hébergement, c’est ce qu’explique le rédacteur du texte, Mate Kocsis, qui est aussi le maire du 8ème district de Budapest :&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;“Pour l’instant, personne n’a été mis en prison et personne n’a écopé d’amende. Ce sont des déclarations déformées et mal interprétées. Le but de cette loi est avant tout de faire de la prévention”.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Une déclaration contredite par les travailleurs sociaux et par cette femme qui vit dans les rues de la capitale hongroise et qui a déjà eu affaire à la police.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;“Ils m’ont dit de me lever sinon j’allais devoir payer 50000 forints, 160 euros, je ne faisais que fumer une cigarette”.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;L’amende peut même atteindre 500 euros si les sans-abris sont pris en flagrant-délit de récidive.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;On estime à 10 000 le nombre de &lt;span class="caps"&gt;SDF&lt;/span&gt; en Hongrie, la plupart d’entre eux vit à Budapest.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Mdi_jzgrxLc/Tv21pRz_LiI/AAAAAAAABso/qmte5oWzg5U/s1600/rusia+post+sovietica.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="303" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Mdi_jzgrxLc/Tv21pRz_LiI/AAAAAAAABso/qmte5oWzg5U/s400/rusia+post+sovietica.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kontrairaultzaren ondorioak Soviet Batasuna zenaren hirietan&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-4075546377668400698?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4075546377668400698'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4075546377668400698'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/fukuyamak-arrazoi-historiaren-amaiera.html' title='Fukuyamak arrazoi: Historiaren amaiera da (eta prehistoriaren hasiera)'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/9KhEZddSlfE/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-5850059861085834096</id><published>2011-12-27T05:08:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-27T05:17:50.232-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Seul: paradisua Korea kapitalistan</title><content type='html'>Seul, Hego Korea, Korea kapitalista. Hiriko auzorik aberatsenetariko batetik&amp;nbsp;minutu batzuetara soilik aurki daiteke&amp;nbsp;irudian ikusten dugun auzoa, hiriko auzo pobreetako bat. Badirudi korear kapitalisten luxoa hermetikoa dela zapalduentzat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ziur korear kontrairaultzaileak eta genozida inperialistak, egunen batean, AEBetako enbaxadatik arrapaladan ihes egin beharko dutela Hego Vietnametik egin zuten bezala.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #134f5c;"&gt;Seul, Corea del Sur, la Corea capitalista. A unos minutos de uno de los barrios más ricos de la ciudad se puede topar el barrio que vemos en imagenes, uno de los barrios pobres de la ciudad. Parece que el lujo de los capitalistas coreanos es hermético para los oprimidos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #134f5c;"&gt;Seguro que los contrarrevolucionarios y los genocidas inperialistas, algun dia, tendrán que huir atropelladamente de la enbajada de USA como hicieran en Vietnam del Sur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nW9mr-XB9FA/TvnDOH8_Y5I/AAAAAAAABrs/u2ZoupvWrrQ/s1600/seul+south+korea.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="480" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nW9mr-XB9FA/TvnDOH8_Y5I/AAAAAAAABrs/u2ZoupvWrrQ/s640/seul+south+korea.JPG" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Seul, Korea kapitalista&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-q9GfoCY190M/TvnDkNvruZI/AAAAAAAABr4/Lxfd1Cw9QMo/s1600/seul%2Bcorea%2Bdel%2Bsur.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-q9GfoCY190M/TvnDkNvruZI/AAAAAAAABr4/Lxfd1Cw9QMo/s400/seul%2Bcorea%2Bdel%2Bsur.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Seul - Coree du Sud&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2u5yFQO664c/TvnDvvGKbjI/AAAAAAAABsE/-EMdVAIt3Tc/s1600/coree+du+sud+seoul.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2u5yFQO664c/TvnDvvGKbjI/AAAAAAAABsE/-EMdVAIt3Tc/s320/coree+du+sud+seoul.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;South Korea, slums&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oYZBDdEH4fM/TvnD8zdq20I/AAAAAAAABsQ/ish5yV75SX8/s1600/capitalist+korea+%25281%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oYZBDdEH4fM/TvnD8zdq20I/AAAAAAAABsQ/ish5yV75SX8/s320/capitalist+korea+%25281%2529.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Seul, Hego Korea&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VGZJgg2JwjA/TvnE5V3SEjI/AAAAAAAABsc/gTNjaa6Q0bs/s1600/liberation+of+Saigon%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VGZJgg2JwjA/TvnE5V3SEjI/AAAAAAAABsc/gTNjaa6Q0bs/s1600/liberation+of+Saigon%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Liberacion de Saigon, Vietnam del Sur: Imperialistas y sus marionetas huyen como ratas.&lt;br /&gt;¡Por un nuevo Vietnam en Korea!&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-5850059861085834096?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5850059861085834096'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5850059861085834096'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/seul-paradisua-korea-kapitalistan.html' title='Seul: paradisua Korea kapitalistan'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nW9mr-XB9FA/TvnDOH8_Y5I/AAAAAAAABrs/u2ZoupvWrrQ/s72-c/seul+south+korea.JPG' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-4199324181194862758</id><published>2011-12-25T05:00:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-25T05:03:07.757-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Presoak kalera, amnistia osoa!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bGN6E0v2chM/TvceTEDXi_I/AAAAAAAABrg/uugW9kwXN6w/s1600/amnistia+presoak.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="640" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bGN6E0v2chM/TvceTEDXi_I/AAAAAAAABrg/uugW9kwXN6w/s640/amnistia+presoak.jpg" width="404" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;PCE(r) eta GRAPO-ko presoak kalera!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Un golpe contra una es un golpe contra todas&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-4199324181194862758?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4199324181194862758'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4199324181194862758'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/presoak-kalera-amnistia-osoa.html' title='Presoak kalera, amnistia osoa!'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bGN6E0v2chM/TvceTEDXi_I/AAAAAAAABrg/uugW9kwXN6w/s72-c/amnistia+presoak.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-1088575063148386941</id><published>2011-12-25T02:50:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-25T03:08:48.476-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Christopher Hill'/><title type='text'>La Guerra Civil inglesa (1)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: black; color: white;"&gt;HISTORIA DE INGLATERRA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: large;"&gt;La Guerra Civil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6f0L_HU-K5c/TvcAYIXDosI/AAAAAAAABrU/CCakM0Tp2EA/s1600/guerra+civil+inglesa+mapa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6f0L_HU-K5c/TvcAYIXDosI/AAAAAAAABrU/CCakM0Tp2EA/s400/guerra+civil+inglesa+mapa.jpg" width="282" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #134f5c; font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Texto del prestigioso historiador&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Christopher Hill&lt;/strong&gt; sobre la guerra civil revolucionaria inglesa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-large;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;La Revolución Inglesa de 1640&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: large; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: ES;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;u&gt;1.- Introducción&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: ES;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El objeto de este ensayo es sugerir una interpretación de los acontecimientos del siglo XVII, diferente de la que a la mayoría de nosotros nos enseñaron en la escuela. &lt;span style="background: rgb(235, 239, 249);"&gt;Para resumirlo en pocas palabras, esta interpretación defiende que &lt;span style="color: #990000;"&gt;la Revolución Inglesa de 1640-60 fue un gran movimiento social similar a la Revolución Francesa de 1789. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000;"&gt;El poder estatal que protegía al viejo orden, esencialmente feudal, fue derrocado violentamente, el poder pasó a manos de una nueva clase, y por lo tanto el desarrollo libre del capitalismo fue posible. La Guerra Civil fue una guerra de clases, en la que el despotismo de Carlos I fue defendido por las fuerzas reaccionarias de la Iglesia establecida y los terratenientes conservadores. El Parlamento acabó con el&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;rey porque pudo recavar el apoyo entusiasta de las clases comercial e industrial de la ciudad y el campo,&amp;nbsp;de los yeomen y&amp;nbsp;de la burguesía progresista, y de amplias masas de la población que fueron capaces de debatir libremente para entender el objetivo real de la lucha&lt;/span&gt;.[&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;sin resaltar en original&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&amp;nbsp;El resto de este ensayo trataremos de demostrar e ilustrar estas generalizaciones.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La actitud ortodoxa sobre la revolución del siglo XVII es engañosa porque no trata de penetrar bajo la superficie, ya que toma los actores de la revolución por el rostro que muestran, y supone que la mejor manera de averiguar la causa por la que la gente luchó es tener en cuenta lo que los líderes dijeron que estaban luchando. Todos sabemos que durante el siglo XVII Inglaterra conoció &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;una profunda revolución política. Todo el mundo ha oído hablar de Oliver Cromwell y sus Roundheads, el rey Carlos y sus Caballeros, y todos sabemos que a un rey de Inglaterra le cortaron la cabeza. ¿Pero por qué sucedió esto? ¿Qué fue todo eso? ¿Tiene alguna importancia para nosotros a día de hoy?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Estas preguntas no suelen ser contestadas muy satisfactoriamente en los libros de texto. El derramamiento de sangre y la violencia que acompañó a la revolución arrastró a más que lamentables incidentes, cuando los ingleses, por una vez, descendieron a la mala práctica continental de luchar unos contra otros por razones políticas. Pero eso fue sólo por lo que se cometieron errores, las oportunidades para un compromiso británico fueron minadas: Qué bueno, comentan los libros, que somos mucho más sabios y más sensatos hoy en día! Por lo que nunca nos dan razones que nos parezcan suficientes para justificar la dedicación y los sacrificios de nuestros antepasados ​​en sus luchas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: ES;"&gt;La explicación más habitual sobre la revolución del siglo XVII es la que fue presentada por los mismos líderes del Parlamento de 1640 en sus declaraciones propagandísticas y llamamientos al pueblo. Eso se ha repetido con detalles adicionales y adornos por historiadores whigs y liberales desde entonces. Esta explicación dice que los ejércitos parlamentarios estaban luchando por la libertad del individuo y sus derechos legitimos contra un gobierno tiránico que les arrojó a la cárcel sin juicio con &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;jurado, que les ponía impuestos sin pedir su consentimiento, que alojaba soldados en sus casas, les robaba su propiedad, y trató de destruir &lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;sus estimadas instituciones parlamentarias. En lo que respecta a eso, todo es cierto. Los Estuardos trataron de impedir que la gente se reuniese y celebrara debates políticos, hizo cortar las orejas de la gente que criticaba al Gobierno, hizo recaudar impuestos arbitrariamente, que eran muy desiguales en su incidencia, trató de callar al Parlamento y trató de usar funcionarios designados. Todo eso es verdad. Y si bien el Parlamento en el siglo XVII era aún menos genuinamente representativo de la gente común de lo que es en la actualidad, sigue siendo su victoria importante por el establecimiento de una cierta cuota de autogobierno para las clases más ricas de la sociedad.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span class="hps"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Pero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;siguen habiendo preguntas&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;aún sin resolver.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;¿Por qué&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;se convirtieron en&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;tiranos&lt;/span&gt;? &lt;span class="hps"&gt;¿Por qué&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;los terratenientes y&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;las clases comerciales&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;representadas en el Parlamento&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;tuvieron que luchar por&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;sus libertades&lt;/span&gt;? &lt;span class="hps"&gt;Durante el siglo XVI&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="hps"&gt;bajo el reinado de los&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;Tudor&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="hps"&gt;los abuelos de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;los parlamentarios&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;de 1640&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;fueron los más vigorosos&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;partidarios&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;de la monarquía.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;¿Qué había ocurrido&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;para cambiar&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;su perspectiva&lt;/span&gt;? &lt;span class="hps"&gt;El Parlamento había apoyado a&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;Henry VII y a&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;Henry VIII&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;y Elizabeth&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;en sus esfuerzos por&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;controlar el país&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;contra&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;la anarquía&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;y el bandolerismo&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;de &lt;/span&gt;poderosos &lt;span class="hps"&gt;sujetos, de los&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;potentados&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;feudales con sus&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;ejércitos privados&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="hps"&gt;e Inglaterra&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;se había convertido&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;segura para&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;el comercio.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;El Parlamento habia apoyado&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;también&lt;/span&gt; a &lt;span class="hps"&gt;Henry VIII&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;y a Elizabeth en&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;su victoriosa lucha contra&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;la Iglesia&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;Católica internacional&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span class="hps"&gt;el dinero ya no&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;se iba&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;de Inglaterra a&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;Roma,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;la política británica&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;ya no estaba&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;dictada por&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;una potencia extranjera.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;El Parlamento&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="hps"&gt;por último&lt;/span&gt;, animó a &lt;span class="hps"&gt;la reina Elizabeth&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;en su&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;resistencia a los&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;aliados políticos&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;del Papado&lt;/span&gt;, el Imperio español, &lt;span class="hps"&gt;y el saqueo&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;del Nuevo Mundo&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;se abrió a&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;Drake&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class="hps"&gt;Hawkins&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hps"&gt;y a los piráticos pero Protestantes lobos de mar.&amp;nbsp; (&lt;em&gt;Continúa&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Christopher Hill&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-1088575063148386941?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/1088575063148386941'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/1088575063148386941'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/la-guerra-civil-inglesa.html' title='La Guerra Civil inglesa (1)'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6f0L_HU-K5c/TvcAYIXDosI/AAAAAAAABrU/CCakM0Tp2EA/s72-c/guerra+civil+inglesa+mapa.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-1077197816075017694</id><published>2011-12-24T03:29:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-24T05:17:49.770-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Kolaborazionistak, langileriaren etsaiak</title><content type='html'>Langile batzuk hasi dira ikusten nora eramaten gaituen BILDUk, eta badirudi lilura desegiten ari dela, emeki bada ere. Hauteskundeetako mozkorraldiaren ostean etorriko da ajea, eta langilerik kontzienteenak ohartuko dira klase-kolaborazionistak kapitalismoaren beste zutabe bat besterik ez direla, eta, bereziki Euskal Herrian, inperialismoaren erakunde txotxongiloak kudeatzea dela euren ardura, eta ez besterik.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-z3YtpL-Tka8/TvW10YDdKfI/AAAAAAAABqk/y8n9Gah41Mg/s1600/izagirre%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="185" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-z3YtpL-Tka8/TvW10YDdKfI/AAAAAAAABqk/y8n9Gah41Mg/s400/izagirre%255B1%255D.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Juan Karlos Izagirre (Bildu) PPko zinegotziekin&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pirL_OqjUGI/TvW2ZRZUkzI/AAAAAAAABqw/zGC1BdeYOx4/s1600/martin+garitano+2011.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pirL_OqjUGI/TvW2ZRZUkzI/AAAAAAAABqw/zGC1BdeYOx4/s1600/martin+garitano+2011.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Trabajadores rescatistas descontentos con Martin Garitano,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;gorbernante del frente popular Bildu, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;una coalición de partidos reformistas con capitalistas vascos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6MckKCYHHJk/TvW5DIsQ99I/AAAAAAAABq8/1cWzTfoj-_o/s1600/GVPatxiGaritano225%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6MckKCYHHJk/TvW5DIsQ99I/AAAAAAAABq8/1cWzTfoj-_o/s1600/GVPatxiGaritano225%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;El "izquierdista" Garitano con el "izquierdista" PPatxi Lopez&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XWOFEBQGAjE/TvW6HB-u6DI/AAAAAAAABrI/ud_ZtJ499I0/s1600/200w%252BLIBIA%252BNIN%25CC%2583O%252BBOMBARDEADO%252BOTAN%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XWOFEBQGAjE/TvW6HB-u6DI/AAAAAAAABrI/ud_ZtJ499I0/s1600/200w%252BLIBIA%252BNIN%25CC%2583O%252BBOMBARDEADO%252BOTAN%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;GARA, el periodico de Garitano, apoyó a los facciosos de la OTAN en Libia y ocultó todo lo que pudo los bombardeos imperialistas&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-1077197816075017694?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/1077197816075017694'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/1077197816075017694'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/kolaborazionistak-langileriaren-etsaiak.html' title='Kolaborazionistak, langileriaren etsaiak'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-z3YtpL-Tka8/TvW10YDdKfI/AAAAAAAABqk/y8n9Gah41Mg/s72-c/izagirre%255B1%255D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-5221730461341278284</id><published>2011-12-23T07:52:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-23T08:10:22.698-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Josu Erkoreka &amp; company, euskal burgesiaren heroiak</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6_fJ4MBtw-M/TvSix6JGgCI/AAAAAAAABqY/xfM1DWAuSRY/s1600/erkoreka.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="298" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6_fJ4MBtw-M/TvSix6JGgCI/AAAAAAAABqY/xfM1DWAuSRY/s400/erkoreka.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Abertzaleak, dilizta plateraren zain:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pedro Azpiazu, Aitor Esteban, Arantza Tapia eta Josu €rkoreka&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;﻿&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;"El capitalismo vasco no pudo integrar a la clase obrera en su movimiento. Sin  aparato político desde donde dirigir la represión contra las fuerzas sociales  que amenazaban su fortaleza económica, perdió su voluntad de lucha y cedió ante  los opresores. Colocado en la disyuntiva de aliarse con las castas dominantes o  ceder una parte de sus privilegios ante la fuerza arrolladora del proletariado,  la burguesía vasca prefirió renunciar a una parte de sus derechos políticos con  tal de salvaguardar sus intereses económicos. Se cobijó bajo el amparo de la  monarquía borbónica, traicionando sus fines y vendiendo el porvenir del pueblo  vasco por un plato de lentejas.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: white;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Aun cuando el triunfo de la clase burguesa estaba maduro por  la evolución alcanzada por las fuerzas productivas del país vasco, el  capitalismo renunció a su acción, ya que el deseo de la victoria faltaba, porque  la burguesía seguía enriqueciéndose a pesar de todo. «La burguesía engendra al  proletariado en la medida en que desarrolla su industria, su comercio y sus  medios de comunicación. Al apercibirse que su compañero de ruta le sobrepasa a  marchas forzadas, pierde la facultad de mantener exclusivamente su dominación  política y busca aliados con los cuales compartir el poder o a los cuales se lo  cede completamente, según las circunstancias» (Engels). Cuando los progresos del  capitalismo vasco iban forjando la necesidad de crear un Estado propio, la  burguesía vasca, preocupada en resistir al proletariado y en dominar sus  rebeliones, incrementó el poder de las autoridades centrales con el propósito de  abatir el poder creciente de la clase obrera. El proletariado suponía una  amenaza a su seguridad social y era un atentado a la tranquilidad necesaria para  desenvolverse libremente, y la burguesía vasca consentía en mermar su  potencialidad política con tal de conservar su predominio económico. "&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="color: white;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;-&lt;em&gt;Jose Luis Arenillas (POUM), 'El problema de las nacionalidades en Euzkadi'&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp; [&lt;a href="http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2009/02/el-problema-de-las-nacionalidades-en.html"&gt;+&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;Nazio askapena euskal burgesiarik &lt;span style="color: purple;"&gt;gabe&lt;/span&gt; eta euskal burgesiaren &lt;span style="color: purple;"&gt;aurka&lt;/span&gt; izango da, edo ez da izango&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #666666;"&gt;La liberación nacional será&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color: purple;"&gt;sin&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color: #666666;"&gt;la burgesía vasca y&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color: purple;"&gt;contra&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color: #666666;"&gt;la burgesía vasca, o no será&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-5221730461341278284?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5221730461341278284'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5221730461341278284'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/josu-erkoreka-euskal-burgesiaren-heroia.html' title='Josu Erkoreka &amp; company, euskal burgesiaren heroiak'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6_fJ4MBtw-M/TvSix6JGgCI/AAAAAAAABqY/xfM1DWAuSRY/s72-c/erkoreka.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-576510853977888646</id><published>2011-12-23T04:30:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-23T04:52:19.388-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Lenin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Estatua eta Iraultza'/><title type='text'>'Estatua eta Iraultza' (Lenin) 5. kapitulua, 2. puntua</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ROvM0n4xtkM/TvR2tZkxw9I/AAAAAAAABp0/CjW40i5UvjA/s1600/Lenin%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ROvM0n4xtkM/TvR2tZkxw9I/AAAAAAAABp0/CjW40i5UvjA/s1600/Lenin%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;2.- KAPITALISMOTIK KOMUNISMORAKO TRANTSIZIOA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“…Gizarte kapitalistaren eta gizarte komunistaren artean —jarraitzen&lt;br /&gt;du Marxek— lehenengotik bigarrenerako eraldaketa&lt;br /&gt;iraultzaileko aldia dago. Aldi honi, halaber, trantsizioko aldi&lt;br /&gt;politiko bat dagokio, zeinan Estatua &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;proletalgoaren diktadura&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;iraultzailea&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; bakarrik izan daiteke…”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Marxen ondorio hau proletalgoak egungo gizarte kapitalistan&lt;br /&gt;jokatzen duen paperaren azterketan, gizarte honen garapenari&lt;br /&gt;buruzko datuetan eta proletalgoaren eta burgesiaren&lt;br /&gt;interes antagonikoen izaera eramangaitzean oinarritzen da.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lehen, arazoa honela planteatzen zen: bere askapena lortzeko&lt;br /&gt;proletalgoak burgesia eraitsi, botere politikoa konkistatu&lt;br /&gt;eta bere diktadura iraultzailea ezarri behar du.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Orain modu ezberdinxeago batean planteatzen da: gizarte&lt;br /&gt;kapitalistatik —komunismorantz garatzen dela— gizarte&lt;br /&gt;komunistara iragaitea ezinezkoa da “trantsizio aldi politiko”&lt;br /&gt;bat gabe, eta aldi honetako Estatua proletalgoaren diktadura&lt;br /&gt;iraultzailea bakarrik izan daiteke.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alabaina, zein da diktadura honek demokraziarekiko duen&lt;br /&gt;jarrera? Ikusi dugu &lt;em&gt;Manifestu Komunistak&lt;/em&gt; sinpleki batera&lt;br /&gt;jartzen dituela bi kontzeptu: “proletalgoa klase dominatzaile bihurtzea”&lt;br /&gt;eta “demokraziaren konkista”. Azaldua izan den guztiaren&lt;br /&gt;oinarriaren gainean, xehetasun gehiagoz zehaztu daiteke&lt;br /&gt;nola eraldatzen den demokrazia kapitalismotik komunismorako&lt;br /&gt;trantsizioan zehar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gizarte kapitalistak, bere garapen baldintza onuragarrienetan&lt;br /&gt;harturik, gutxi gorabehera demokrazia osatu bat eskaintzen&lt;br /&gt;digu errepublika demokratikoan. Baina demokrazia hau&lt;br /&gt;beti ere esplotazio kapitalistaren marko estuan zanpaturik&lt;br /&gt;agertzen da eta, arrazoi horregatik da, betiere, esentzian, gutxiengo&lt;br /&gt;batentzako, soilik klase jabedunentzako, soilik aberatsentzako&lt;br /&gt;demokrazia. Gizarte kapitalistako askatasunak beti,&lt;br /&gt;gutxi gorabehera, Greziako antzinako errepubliketan askatasuna&lt;br /&gt;zena izaten jarraitzen du: esklabistentzako askatasuna. Esplotazio&lt;br /&gt;kapitalistaren baldintzak direla eta, soldatapeko esklabu&lt;br /&gt;modernoak gabezia eta miseriagatik hain ahiturik bizi dira,&lt;br /&gt;ezen “ez daudela demokrazietarako”, “ez daudela politikarako”;&lt;br /&gt;gertaeren bilakaera arrunt eta baketsuan, herritarren gehiengoa&lt;br /&gt;bizitza politiko-sozialeko partehartze orotik at geratzen da.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alemania da, agian, baieztapen honen zehaztasuna agerien&lt;br /&gt;egiaztatzen duena, hain zuzen ere han legedi konstituzionala&lt;br /&gt;aldi ikaragarri luze eta egonkorrean mantendu baitzen,&lt;br /&gt;ia mende erdiz (1871-1914), eta aldi honetan zehar sozialdemokraziak&lt;br /&gt;beste edozein herrialdeetan baino askoz gehiago&lt;br /&gt;egiten jakin izan baitzuen “legedi hau erabiltzeko” eta alderdi&lt;br /&gt;politikoan munduko beste edozein tokitan baino langileen zati&lt;br /&gt;handiago bat antolatzeko.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Honela baina, zenbatekoa da politikoki kontzienteak eta aktiboak&lt;br /&gt;diren soldatapeko esklabuen zati hau, gizarte kapitalistan ezagutu direnetan handiena izanik? Soldatapeko 15 milioi langiletik,&lt;br /&gt;alderdi Sozialdemokratak milioi bat kide ditu! 15 milioietik&lt;br /&gt;sindikalki 3 milioi daude antolaturik!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Demokrazia gutxiengo ziztrin batentzat, demokrazia aberatsentzat:&lt;br /&gt;horixe da gizarte kapitalistako demokrazia. Demokrazia&lt;br /&gt;kapitalistaren mekanismoa gertuagotik behatzen badugu,&lt;br /&gt;beti eta alde guztietatik ikusiko ditugu demokraziaren&lt;br /&gt;murrizketak eta murrizketak: xehetasun “txikiak”, ustez txikiak,&lt;br /&gt;sufragiorako eskubidean (etxebizitza baldintza, emakumearen&lt;br /&gt;bazterketa, etab.), instituzio ordezkatzaileen teknikan,&lt;br /&gt;biltzeko eskubidearen aurka doazen traba eraginkorretan&lt;br /&gt;(eraikin publikoak ez dira “miserableentzat”!), eguneroko prentsaren&lt;br /&gt;egituraketa erabat kapitalistan, etab., etab. Behartsuei&lt;br /&gt;inposaturiko murrizketa, salbuespen, bazterketa eta traba hauek&lt;br /&gt;garrantzi gabeak dirudite, batez ere klase zapalduen gabezia&lt;br /&gt;sufritu ez dutenentzat eta hauen eguneroko bizitzarekin kontaktuan&lt;br /&gt;egon ez direnentzat (politikari eta publizista burgesen&lt;br /&gt;hamarretatik bederatziri, ez bada ehuneko laurogeita hemeretziri,&lt;br /&gt;gertatzen zaiona); baina, oro har, murrizketa hauek&lt;br /&gt;behartsuak politikatik, demokraziaren partehartze aktibotik,&lt;br /&gt;baztertzen dituzte.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GzI4W6-UcjU/TvR23EsT68I/AAAAAAAABqA/9mbjtCHGExI/s1600/lenin+trotsky.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GzI4W6-UcjU/TvR23EsT68I/AAAAAAAABqA/9mbjtCHGExI/s1600/lenin+trotsky.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Trotsky eta Lenin&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Marxek oso ongi hauteman zuen demokrazia kapitalistaren&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;esetzia&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; hau Komunaren bere analisian ondorengoa estean:&lt;br /&gt;zapalduei, zenbait urteetatik behin, Parlamentuan klase zapaltzaileko&lt;br /&gt;zein agintarik ordezkatu eta zanpatu behar dituen&lt;br /&gt;aukeratzen uzten zaie!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baina, demokrazia kapitalista honetatik habiatuz —ezinbestean&lt;br /&gt;itxia, behartsuak soka azpitik gaitzesten dituena eta,&lt;br /&gt;beraz, demokrazia erabat hipokrita eta faltsua—, ez da garapen&lt;br /&gt;jarrairik ematen modu sinple, zuzen eta lasai batean “gero&lt;br /&gt;eta demokrazia handiago batera”, irakasle liberalek eta oportunista&lt;br /&gt;burges txikiek sinestarazi nahi diguten moduan. Ez.&lt;br /&gt;Garapen jarraia, hau da, komunismorako garapena, proletalgoaren&lt;br /&gt;diktaduratik pasatzen da, eta honela bakarrik izan daiteke,&lt;br /&gt;ez baitago esplotatzaile kapitalisten &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;erresistentzia hausteko&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;beste indarrik ez beste biderik.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baina proletalgoaren diktadura, hau da, zapaltzaileak azpiratzeko&lt;br /&gt;klase dominatzaile bezala antolatutako zapalduen&lt;br /&gt;abangoardia, ezin da soilik demokraziaren zabaltze sinplera zuzendu. Demokraziaren izugarrizko zabaltzearekin &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;batera&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, lehen&lt;br /&gt;aldiz behartsuentzako demokrazian, herritarrentzako demokrazian&lt;br /&gt;bihurtzen dela, eta ez aberatsentzako demokrazian,&lt;br /&gt;proletalgoaren diktadurak zenbait murrizketa inplikatzen ditu&lt;br /&gt;zapaltzaileen, esplotatzaileen eta kapitalisten askatasunetan.&lt;br /&gt;Hauek erreprimitu behar ditugu gizateria soldatapeko esklabutzatik&lt;br /&gt;askatzeko; beren erresistentzia indarrez garaitu behar&lt;br /&gt;da, eta begi bistakoa da errepresioa eta biolentzia dagoen&lt;br /&gt;tokian ez dagoela ez askatasunik ez demokraziarik.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Engelsek honakoa bikain adierazten du Bebeli idatziriko&lt;br /&gt;gutunean, irakurleak gogoratuko duen moduan, zera dioenean:&lt;br /&gt;“proletalgoak oraindik Estatua &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;behar&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; duen bitartean, ez&lt;br /&gt;du beharko askatasunaren interesetan, bere etsaiak menperatzeko&lt;br /&gt;baizik, eta askatasunaz hitz egin daitekeen bezain laster&lt;br /&gt;Estatuak bere gisan existitzeari utziko dio”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Demokrazia herriaren gehiengo erraldoiarentzat eta errepresioa&lt;br /&gt;indarrez, hau da, demokraziatik bazterketa esplotatzaileentzat,&lt;br /&gt;herriaren zapaltzaileentzat: hona hemen demokraziak&lt;br /&gt;jasango duen eraldaketa kapitalismotik komunismorako trantsizioan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Soilik gizarte komunistan, kapitalisten erresistentzia jada&lt;br /&gt;erabat apurtu denean, kapitalistak desagertu direnean, klaseak&lt;br /&gt;egongo ez direnean (hau da, gizarteko kideen artean ekoizpen&lt;br /&gt;baliabide sozialekiko ezberdintasunak existitzen ez direnean),&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;soilik&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; orduan &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;“desagertuko da Estatua eta askatasunaz&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;hitz egin ahalko da”&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Soilik orduan izango da posible eta errealitate&lt;br /&gt;egingo da benetako demokrazia osatu bat, hain zuzen,&lt;br /&gt;murrizketarik inplikatzen ez duen demokrazia bat. Eta soilik&lt;br /&gt;orduan hasiko da demokrazia iraungitzen, arrazoi sinple batengatik,&lt;br /&gt;gizakiak, esklabutza kapitalistatik askatuak, esplotazio&lt;br /&gt;kapitalistaren izugarrikeria, piztikeria, absurdo eta doilorkeria&lt;br /&gt;zenbaezinetatik askatuak, pixkanaka, mendeetan barrena&lt;br /&gt;ezagunak izan diren eta milaka urtetan zehar eredu guztietan&lt;br /&gt;errepikatu izan diren bizikidetzako oinarrizko arauak betetzen&lt;br /&gt;ohituko direlako; biolentziarik gabe, hertsapenik gabe,&lt;br /&gt;menpekotasunik gabe, Estatua deritzon indarkeriazko&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; aparatu&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;berezi hori gabe&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; betetzen ohituko dira.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Esamolde hau, “Estatua &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;iraungitu&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; egiten da”, oso ongi hautatua&lt;br /&gt;dago, prozesuaren izaera graduala eta honen berezkotasuna azpimarratzen baitu. Soilik ohituraren indarrak ezarri dezake&lt;br /&gt;eta ezarriko du dudarik gabe influentzia hori, gure inguruan&lt;br /&gt;milioika alditan ikusten baitugu zein erraztasunez ohitzen den&lt;br /&gt;jendea bizikidetzako arauak betetzera, ez badago esplotaziorik,&lt;br /&gt;ez badago ezer haserraraziko duenik, protestak eta altxamenduak&lt;br /&gt;eragingo dituenik eta errepresioa ezinbesteko egingo&lt;br /&gt;duenik.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Horrenbestez, gizarte kapitalistan demokrazia anputatu,&lt;br /&gt;zeken, faltsu bat daukagu, soilik aberatsentzako, gutxiengoarentzako,&lt;br /&gt;den demokrazia bat. Proletalgoaren diktadurak, komunismorako&lt;br /&gt;trantsizio aldiak, lehen aldiz herriarentzako,&lt;br /&gt;gehiengoarentzako, demokrazia bat ekarriko du, gutxiengoaren,&lt;br /&gt;esplotatzaileen, beharrezko errepresioarekin batera. Soilik&lt;br /&gt;komunismoak eman dezake benetako demokrazia osatu bat,&lt;br /&gt;eta zenbat eta osatuagoa izan, orduan eta lehenago utziko dio&lt;br /&gt;beharrezko izateari eta bere kabuz iraungituko da.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beste hitz batzuetan esanda: kapitalismoan Estatu bat&lt;br /&gt;daukagu hitzaren zentzu hertsian, klase batek bestea erreprimitzeko&lt;br /&gt;eta, gainera, gutxiengoak gehiengoa erreprimitzeko&lt;br /&gt;makina berezi bat. Begi bistakoa da, zapaltzaileen gutxiengo&lt;br /&gt;batek zapalduen gehiengoa sistematikoki erreprimitzea bezalako&lt;br /&gt;eginkizun bat aurrera eramateko beharrezkoa dela krudelkeria&lt;br /&gt;izugarri bat, errepresio basati bat, beharrezkoak direla&lt;br /&gt;odolezko itsasoak non gizateria hauetan zehar joaten den&lt;br /&gt;esklabotzak, morrontzak, soldatapeko lanak azpiraturik.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LIbSftQ78eQ/TvR4tQVJkOI/AAAAAAAABqM/wmN6MCaFC6o/s1600/Karl_Marx%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LIbSftQ78eQ/TvR4tQVJkOI/AAAAAAAABqM/wmN6MCaFC6o/s1600/Karl_Marx%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Karl Marx&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Geroago, kapitalismotik komunismorako &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;trantsizioan&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; zehar,&lt;br /&gt;errepresioa &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;oraindik&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ere beharrezkoa da, baina jada esplotatuen&lt;br /&gt;gehiengoak esplotatzaileen gutxiengoa erreprimitzean&lt;br /&gt;datza. Oraindik beharrezkoa da aparatu berezi bat, errepresiorako&lt;br /&gt;makina berezi bat: “Estatua”. Baina jada trantsiziozko&lt;br /&gt;Estatu bat da, ez da jada Estatu bat hitzaren zentzu hertsian,&lt;br /&gt;zeren &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;atzoko&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; soldatapeko esklaboen gehiengoak esplotatzaileen&lt;br /&gt;gutxiengo bat erreprimitzea hain erlatiboki erraza,&lt;br /&gt;sinplea eta naturala izango da, ezen esklaboen, jopuen eta soldatapeko&lt;br /&gt;langileen altxamenduen errepresioa baino askoz&lt;br /&gt;odol gutxiago isuriko baita eta gizateriari askoz gutxiago kostako&lt;br /&gt;baitzaio. Eta hau demokrazia herritarren gehiengo hain&lt;br /&gt;handiarengana zabaltzearekin bateragarria denez, errepresiorako&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;makina berezi baten&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; beharra desagertzen hasten da. Normala den bezala, &lt;br /&gt;esplotatzaileek ezin dute herria erreprimitu&lt;br /&gt;zeregin hau gauzatzeko bidea emango dien aparatu izugarri&lt;br /&gt;konplikatu bat gabe, baina &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;herriak&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; oso “makina” sinple&lt;br /&gt;batekin erreprimitu ditzake esplotatzaileak, ia “makinarik” gabe,&lt;br /&gt;aparatu berezirik gabe, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;masa armatuen antolakuntza sinplearekin&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(langile eta soldadu diputatuen Sovietak diren bezala,&lt;br /&gt;esan dezagun, zertxobait aurreratuz).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Azkenik, komunismoak bakarrik ezabatzen du erabat&lt;br /&gt;Estatuaren beharra, ez baitago inor erreprimitzeko, “inor” &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;klaseko&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;zentzuan, herritarren zati jakin baten aurkako borroka&lt;br /&gt;sistematikoaren zentzuan. Ez gara utopistak eta ez dugu ukatzen&lt;br /&gt;inola ere, gizabanako batzuk gehiegikeriak egitea posiblea&lt;br /&gt;eta ekidinezina denik, gehiegikeria horiek erreprimitzeko&lt;br /&gt;beharra ere ukatzen ez dugun bezala. Baina, lehenik eta behin,&lt;br /&gt;horretarako ez da beharrezkoa makina berezi bat, errepresiorako&lt;br /&gt;aparatu berezi bat; hori herri armatuak berak egingo du,&lt;br /&gt;pertsona zibilizatuen edozein taldek egin dezakeen sinpletasun&lt;br /&gt;eta erraztasun berarekin; egungo gizartean ere, banandu&lt;br /&gt;egiten dira borrokan ari direnak edo eragotzi egiten da emakume&lt;br /&gt;bat erasotua izan dadin. Eta, bigarrenik, badakigu bizikidetzako&lt;br /&gt;arauen hausturan oinarritzen diren gehiegikerien&lt;br /&gt;kausa sozialik sakonena, masen esplotazioa, beren eskasia eta&lt;br /&gt;beren miseria direla. Funtsezko kausa hau ezabatzean, gehiegikeriak&lt;br /&gt;ere ezinbestean “&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;iraungitzen&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;” hasiko dira. Ez dakigu&lt;br /&gt;zein azkartasunekin eta mailaketarekin, baina badakigu iraungitu&lt;br /&gt;egingo direla. Eta berarekin batera Estatua ere &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;iraungitu&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;egingo da.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Utopietan sartu gabe, Marxek, xehetasunez zehaztu zuen&lt;br /&gt;etorkizun honi dagokionean &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;orain&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; zehaztea posible dena, hots:&lt;br /&gt;gizarte komunistako fase (gradu edo etapa) behe eta gorena.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-Lenin&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-576510853977888646?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/576510853977888646'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/576510853977888646'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/estatua-eta-iraultza-lenin-5-kapitulua.html' title='&apos;Estatua eta Iraultza&apos; (Lenin) 5. kapitulua, 2. puntua'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ROvM0n4xtkM/TvR2tZkxw9I/AAAAAAAABp0/CjW40i5UvjA/s72-c/Lenin%255B1%255D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-4159975829889404991</id><published>2011-12-21T05:21:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-22T04:57:07.353-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Urtarrilak 15 Lenin-Luxemburg-Liebknecht manifestazioa</title><content type='html'>&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-47s2E_rOobE/TvHdF5J5hWI/AAAAAAAABpY/zvKMw-Px2Bo/s1600/tn_20100110_082_JPG%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-47s2E_rOobE/TvHdF5J5hWI/AAAAAAAABpY/zvKMw-Px2Bo/s1600/tn_20100110_082_JPG%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;"Nur der sozialismus kann die Welt befreien!"&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;"Soilik sozialismoak aska dezake mundua!"&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Urtarrilaren 15ean LLL manifestazioak Berlingo kaleak zeharkatuko ditu, urtero bezala,&amp;nbsp;hiru militante komunista horien omenez. Gogoratu ditzagun Liebknecht-en hitzak, sozialdemokraten zakurrek erail baino lehenago&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;"Pero nosotros seguimos aquí. No hemos huido ni hemos muerto. Y aunque  nos&lt;br /&gt;encadenen, seguiremos aquí, continuaremos estando aquí... hasta&lt;br /&gt;que  consigamos alzarnos con la victoria que pretendemos. [...]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Que nosotros estemos o no entre los hombres, cuando  dicha&lt;br /&gt;meta sea conquistada, es lo de menos, porque nuestro  programa&lt;br /&gt;seguirá vivo para regir el mundo de la humanidad liberada...  ¡A&lt;br /&gt;pesar de todo! &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;¡A pesar de todo! A pesar de todos los fracasos y derrotas  previas,&lt;br /&gt;el ejército aparentemente adormecido de los proletarios  se&lt;br /&gt;despertará como ante las trompetas del juicio final, y los cadáveres&lt;br /&gt;de  todos los luchadores asesinados se pondrán de pie para pedir&lt;br /&gt;cuentas a los  que sólo se merecen sus maldiciones. Hoy no se&lt;br /&gt;oye más que el rumor  subterráneo del volcán, pero mañana estallará&lt;br /&gt;en erupción para sepultar a los  actuales vencedores entre las&lt;br /&gt;cenizas abrasadoras y sus ríos de lava."&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;—&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Karl Liebknecht&lt;/strong&gt;, 1919. 'A pesar de Todo' &lt;/em&gt;[&lt;a href="http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2010/07/pesar-de-todo-karl-liebknecht-1919.html"&gt;+&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ngNLKlARDjQ/TvHdO53INqI/AAAAAAAABpg/_ApFhn60HqA/s1600/tn_20100110_143_JPG%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ngNLKlARDjQ/TvHdO53INqI/AAAAAAAABpg/_ApFhn60HqA/s1600/tn_20100110_143_JPG%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-syTwjg-WyT8/TvHdT5XuyTI/AAAAAAAABpo/dsmSGkgl-HQ/s1600/berlin+lll.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-syTwjg-WyT8/TvHdT5XuyTI/AAAAAAAABpo/dsmSGkgl-HQ/s1600/berlin+lll.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-4159975829889404991?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4159975829889404991'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4159975829889404991'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/urtarrilak-15-lenin-luxemburg.html' title='Urtarrilak 15 Lenin-Luxemburg-Liebknecht manifestazioa'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-47s2E_rOobE/TvHdF5J5hWI/AAAAAAAABpY/zvKMw-Px2Bo/s72-c/tn_20100110_082_JPG%255B1%255D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-5868652695529623830</id><published>2011-12-20T09:36:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-20T09:57:35.817-08:00</updated><title type='text'>AMAIUR en el Congreso imperial: Respetamos a Ynestrillas y Melitón Manzanas</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BZ6tIo8S6x4/TvDI0jUTzgI/AAAAAAAABpQ/jBHc0Xni0oU/s1600/diputados-Amaiur-Rafael-Larreina-Inaki-Antiguedad-disponen-ocupar-escanos-Congreso%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="165" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BZ6tIo8S6x4/TvDI0jUTzgI/AAAAAAAABpQ/jBHc0Xni0oU/s400/diputados-Amaiur-Rafael-Larreina-Inaki-Antiguedad-disponen-ocupar-escanos-Congreso%255B1%255D.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #262626; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 217;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;En la coalición entre el marinero y el patron...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 217;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;La  frentepopulista coalición burguesa AMAIUR se vuelve a lucir. Su señoria Iñaki  Antiguedad ha dicho que "&lt;i&gt;hay una apuesta firme de reconocimiento, de  reparación y respeto de todas, absolutamente todas las victimas&lt;/i&gt;", entre las  que se incluyen el criminal de guerra Aznar, el torturador de la Gestapo Meliton  Manzanas, Ynestrillas padre, policias varios, o el almirante Carrero Blanco,  franquista de pro, regimen al que sostenía el Opus Dei, la misma secta  reaccionaria catolica a la que pertenece... vaya por dio$... Rafa Larreina, otro  diputado de AMAIUR.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 217;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 217;"&gt;Despues,  el elenco de estrellas de AMAIUR escuchaba a 'su señoria' Iñaki Antiguedad,  decir, en castellano, que "&lt;i&gt;No vamos a reclamar aquí la independencia&lt;/i&gt;".  ¿Alguién se asonbra?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 217;"&gt;El  orador del 'polo soberanista' (que es el eufemismo con que denominan a la  coalicion burguesa interclasista AMAIUR, vamos, los frente populares de toda la  vida) dijo que &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 217;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;"Quizá  este país&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;(se refiere a España, claro)&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;necesite una segunda transición que acabe lo que no acabó la primera y  reconozca un estado plurinacional".&lt;/em&gt; Bastante se tuvo que aguantar con la  transición de poder de Franco a Juan Carlos I, para que ahora reclamen una  segunda, ¿de&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Juan Carlos a Felipe? ¿De  eso dialogó Errekondo con ‘Su Majestad’?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 217;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;En  cuanto a lo de “estado plurinacional”. Esto es lo que decía el partido de ‘su  señoria’ Sabino Cuadra (ex LKI) tiempo atrás del tema en  cuestión:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt; &lt;span style="color: #333333; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;“La  presentacion de España como nación o nación de naciones, como Estado nacional o  Estado plurinacional, son manifestaciones de españolismo, una ideología  reaccionaria cuyo objetivo es ocultar y justificar la opresión nacional que  existe en el seno del Estado español”&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;—&lt;/em&gt;8.  Congreso de la&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Liga Comunista  Revolucionaria&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;Fronte  popularrak, hots, klase-kolaborazionsimoa oztopo bat besterik ez dira gure  herriaren askapenerako.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Gdu3LK09pCE/TvDGFAc86EI/AAAAAAAABpA/bq_QYXRacfA/s1600/Zapatero-y-Errekondo%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="303" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Gdu3LK09pCE/TvDGFAc86EI/AAAAAAAABpA/bq_QYXRacfA/s400/Zapatero-y-Errekondo%255B1%255D.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;Errekondo con ZP, capo del PSOE-GAL y&amp;nbsp; elemento que bombardeó Libia&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Zit5qpNbXeA/TvDG9e4OU_I/AAAAAAAABpI/OIKACPs6NWU/s1600/rey_errekondo_n-640x640x80%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="280" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Zit5qpNbXeA/TvDG9e4OU_I/AAAAAAAABpI/OIKACPs6NWU/s400/rey_errekondo_n-640x640x80%255B1%255D.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Georgia&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;Instantanea capta al diputado de AMAIUR bajandose los pantalones tras llamar 'Su Majestad' al Borbon, claro, que ya tenía experiencia sudando la camiseta por España&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-5868652695529623830?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5868652695529623830'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5868652695529623830'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/amaiur-en-el-congreso-imperial.html' title='AMAIUR en el Congreso imperial: Respetamos a Ynestrillas y Melitón Manzanas'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BZ6tIo8S6x4/TvDI0jUTzgI/AAAAAAAABpQ/jBHc0Xni0oU/s72-c/diputados-Amaiur-Rafael-Larreina-Inaki-Antiguedad-disponen-ocupar-escanos-Congreso%255B1%255D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-8475290373530505984</id><published>2011-12-19T15:38:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-19T15:38:54.374-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Mumia askatu!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sVTlOcyspZI/Tu_Kx1c0PcI/AAAAAAAABo4/C2mrDDDj5Qs/s1600/justicia+mumia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sVTlOcyspZI/Tu_Kx1c0PcI/AAAAAAAABo4/C2mrDDDj5Qs/s1600/justicia+mumia.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Ez da justiziarik epaitegi kapitalistetan&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-8475290373530505984?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8475290373530505984'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8475290373530505984'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/mumia-askatu.html' title='Mumia askatu!'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sVTlOcyspZI/Tu_Kx1c0PcI/AAAAAAAABo4/C2mrDDDj5Qs/s72-c/justicia+mumia.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-1246313872837303007</id><published>2011-12-19T04:53:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-20T10:30:08.770-08:00</updated><title type='text'>¡Por la defensa de Corea del Norte!</title><content type='html'>La contrarrevolucion aprovecha la muerte del burócrata nacionalista Kim Jong-il para atacar la RPDC&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6syMfwzOlus/Tu8zYZofSnI/AAAAAAAABoc/ZY147x-OAro/s1600/WORKERS+STATE+DPRK%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6syMfwzOlus/Tu8zYZofSnI/AAAAAAAABoc/ZY147x-OAro/s1600/WORKERS+STATE+DPRK%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;"Defendemos al estado obrero, pese al regimen stalinista, como defendemos toda organizacion obrera de los golpes del enemigo de clase, pese al regimen reformista que lo dirija"&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Czerwony Sztandar&lt;/em&gt;, prensa trotskista polaca)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"&gt;¡Por la liberación de Corea del Sur &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"&gt;como se liberó Vietnam del Sur!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UyvYN1hY4vc/Tu86GL5rx0I/AAAAAAAABoo/cTIxh4LlMiY/s1600/guerra_paz_vasca%255B1%255D%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="266" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UyvYN1hY4vc/Tu86GL5rx0I/AAAAAAAABoo/cTIxh4LlMiY/s400/guerra_paz_vasca%255B1%255D%255B1%255D.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;베를린 2010&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-1246313872837303007?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/1246313872837303007'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/1246313872837303007'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/defendemos-al-estado-obrero-pese-al.html' title='¡Por la defensa de Corea del Norte!'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6syMfwzOlus/Tu8zYZofSnI/AAAAAAAABoc/ZY147x-OAro/s72-c/WORKERS+STATE+DPRK%255B1%255D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-4597636516084626244</id><published>2011-12-18T09:35:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-18T09:36:15.733-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Kazakhstan: hamar hildakotik gora langileen greba batean</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe width="420" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/ezshVsDNBjY" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-4597636516084626244?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4597636516084626244'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4597636516084626244'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/kazakhstan-hamar-hildakotik-gora.html' title='Kazakhstan: hamar hildakotik gora langileen greba batean'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/ezshVsDNBjY/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-8916203806737350711</id><published>2011-12-17T02:44:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-22T09:02:30.173-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Iraultzaileen duintasuna eta morroien zurikeria</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-N-W1VMw5PGo/TuxxihOqRSI/AAAAAAAABnw/V6BqQBFjGYc/s1600/filipovic%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" oda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-N-W1VMw5PGo/TuxxihOqRSI/AAAAAAAABnw/V6BqQBFjGYc/s1600/filipovic%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Stjepan Filipovic komunista&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bPR-81sncYg/Tuxx2LAKpKI/AAAAAAAABn4/kl1cwFC7u7c/s1600/424px-Filip_Filipovic%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" oda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bPR-81sncYg/Tuxx2LAKpKI/AAAAAAAABn4/kl1cwFC7u7c/s320/424px-Filip_Filipovic%255B1%255D.jpg" width="226" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;El comunista serbio&amp;nbsp;Filip Filipovic se negó a jurar fidelidad al monarca&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DsjvfwvGiTs/TuxyExRcdBI/AAAAAAAABoA/M1kv06HMqkg/s1600/Sin%252Bt%25C3%25ADtulo%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="222" oda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DsjvfwvGiTs/TuxyExRcdBI/AAAAAAAABoA/M1kv06HMqkg/s320/Sin%252Bt%25C3%25ADtulo%255B1%255D.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Errekondo, representante de la coalición burgesa AMAIUR, con Borbon&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Filip Filipovic&lt;/strong&gt; komunistak irabazi zituen 1920ko Belgradeko hauteskundeak. Filip Filipovic, ordea, ez zen inoiz izan serbiar hiriburuko alkate. Alkate izateko jugoslaviako erregeari leialtasun zina besterik ez zuen egin behar. Filipek ez zion egin. Filip, beraz, ez zuen inoiz estatu kapitalistaren kargu hori hartu. Iraultza zen bere ardura, ez erregeren morroi izatea. Filipek duitasuna zuen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Geroago, Filipen alderdia ilegalizatua izango zen, eta bera, atxilotua. Filip Soviet Batasunean babestu zen, Stalinek hil zuen arte.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Filip Filipovicek ez zuen bere deitura bera duen &lt;strong&gt;Stjepan Filipovic&lt;/strong&gt; ezagutu. Ez ziren familia berekoak, baina bai alderdi berekoak. Stjepan Filipovic, Filip bezala, Alderdi Komunistako militantea zen, eta grebak eta ziegak ezagunak zituen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Stjepan partisanoa zen, ausarta eta trebea ekintza militarretan. Baina Stjepan txetnik-en (serbiar nazionalisten) atzaparretan erori eta naziei entregatu zuten. Bi hilabete luzez torturatua izan zen, baina gogor eutsi zuen ezer esan gabe. Azkenean gudari gorria hiltzea erabaki zuten.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Stjepani lepoaren inguruan lotu zioten soka. Baina iraultzailea ez zen kikildu, eskuak itxi eta bi ukabilak zerura eraman zituen ausartki, desafiatzaile. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;“Hil bedi faxismoa! Askatasuna herriarentzat!”&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; izan ziren bere azkeneko oihuak. Stjepanek duintasuna zuen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ez Filipek ez Stjepanek ez zuten Jugoslaviar Iraultzaren garaipena ikusi. Baina euren duintasuna izan zen iraultzaren garaipenerako inspirazio.&lt;br /&gt;Komunistak —Filipen eta Stjepanen alderdia— gailendu ziren gerran. Monarkikoak, erreakzionarioak eta kolaborazionistak garbitu eta okupatzaile faxistak akabatu zituzten. Errepublika Federal Sozialista ezarri zen, akatsak akats Jugoslaviako nazio zapalduek inoiz ikusi ez bezalako arorik oparoena, libreena, anaikorrena.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Duintasunak eta borrokak, borrokak eta duintasunak, beti (beti!), lehenago edo beranduago, ekartzen ditu irrikatutako helburuak. Langileriak beti gogoratuko ditu bere alde borrokatzen duen jendea, eta Cuadra, Antiguedad, Errekondo eta enparauek ez dute ez meriturik ez lekurik gure herriaren historian, ez bada doilorkeriaren atalean. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;Ekaitz Martin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gZ1F8ORA00E/Tux1W-vhqDI/AAAAAAAABoI/lOqiPwWdVxo/s1600/yugoslavwomenpartisanswwii2wd%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="247" oda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gZ1F8ORA00E/Tux1W-vhqDI/AAAAAAAABoI/lOqiPwWdVxo/s400/yugoslavwomenpartisanswwii2wd%255B1%255D.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jugoslaviar komunistak&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4UWnhf-O750/Tux3YNsrGmI/AAAAAAAABoU/9qIJrnYnSJQ/s1600/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-049-1553-13%252C_Jugoslawien%252C_Split%252C_Mauer_mit_Aufschrift%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="252" oda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4UWnhf-O750/Tux3YNsrGmI/AAAAAAAABoU/9qIJrnYnSJQ/s400/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-049-1553-13%252C_Jugoslawien%252C_Split%252C_Mauer_mit_Aufschrift%255B1%255D.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;"Muerte al faxismo - Libertad para el pueblo" &lt;em&gt;graffiti (con las ultimas palabra de Stjepan Filipovic)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;ante el paso de tropas nazis&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-8916203806737350711?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8916203806737350711'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8916203806737350711'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/iraultzaileen-duintasuna-eta-morroien.html' title='Iraultzaileen duintasuna eta morroien zurikeria'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-N-W1VMw5PGo/TuxxihOqRSI/AAAAAAAABnw/V6BqQBFjGYc/s72-c/filipovic%255B1%255D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-5341133399767967946</id><published>2011-12-15T10:01:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-15T10:30:38.925-08:00</updated><title type='text'>El frente popular AMAIUR en acción: Xabier Mikel Errekondo se reune con el "jefe de los torturadores"</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;Traidore kolaborazionistak!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;Los frentes populares, amenaza para la clase obrera &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kxDQM-c2_vQ/TuozZPiwsWI/AAAAAAAABno/qaJxWn93xi8/s1600/amaiur+colaboracionistas.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" oda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kxDQM-c2_vQ/TuozZPiwsWI/AAAAAAAABno/qaJxWn93xi8/s1600/amaiur+colaboracionistas.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;Xabier Mikel Errekondo, aquel que defendía la camiseta de España, con el 'pacifico' jefe de la armada imperial&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Desde aquí saludamos a los revolucionarios que gillotinaron al Borbon Luis XVI, rey de Francia y de Nafarroa.&amp;nbsp;Honramos, también,&amp;nbsp;a las y los heroicos boltxeviques que ajusticiaron a los Romanov durante la Revolucion Socialista. El servilismo y la actitud de los conciliadores frentepopulistas de Hegoalde no puede producir más que nazka no ya solo para la clase obrera, sino para cualquier persona con un minimo de conciencia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Repetimos:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Al adormecer a los obreros y campesinos con ilusiones parlamentarias, al paralizar su voluntad de lucha, el Frente Popular genera las condiciones favorables para el triunfo del fascismo. El proletariado pagará la política de coalición con la burguesía con años de tormentos y sacrificios, si no con décadas de terror fascista” &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;—Trotsky&lt;/strong&gt; (“El nuevo ascenso revolucionario y las tareas de la Cuarta Internacional”, julio de 1936).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;¡Frentes populares, nunca mais!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;¡Colaboracionismo, nunca mais!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;Klase-independentziaren alde!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;Klase borroka fronte popularren aurka!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="300" mozallowfullscreen="" src="http://player.vimeo.com/video/28794182?title=0&amp;amp;byline=0&amp;amp;portrait=0" webkitallowfullscreen="" width="400"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://vimeo.com/28794182"&gt;El discurso del Rey&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://vimeo.com/user8444094"&gt;Ezditugunahi&lt;/a&gt; on &lt;a href="http://vimeo.com/"&gt;Vimeo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-5341133399767967946?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5341133399767967946'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5341133399767967946'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/el-frente-popular-amaiur-en-accion.html' title='El frente popular AMAIUR en acción: Xabier Mikel Errekondo se reune con el &quot;jefe de los torturadores&quot;'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kxDQM-c2_vQ/TuozZPiwsWI/AAAAAAAABno/qaJxWn93xi8/s72-c/amaiur+colaboracionistas.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-6385037727212263358</id><published>2011-12-12T08:29:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-12T09:58:47.398-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Trotskistak'/><title type='text'>Oposición de clase al frentepopulismo — Clave del reagrupamiento revolucionario</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZjiIhYa2K74/TuYsn9zRj2I/AAAAAAAABng/KYtLsiu9iuM/s1600/lenin+trotsky+liebknecht+luxemburg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="322" oda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZjiIhYa2K74/TuYsn9zRj2I/AAAAAAAABng/KYtLsiu9iuM/s400/lenin+trotsky+liebknecht+luxemburg.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #274e13;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le Bolchevik-ek 1977an argitaratutako testua:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 16pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oposición de clase al frentepopulismo — Clave del reagrupamiento revolucionario&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 16pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 20pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;OTR chilena fusiona con tendencia espartaquista &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;Reproducimos aquí abajo una traducción del artículo aparecido en Workers Vanguard n°172, 9 de septiembre de 1977, sobre la fusión entre la tendencia Espartaquista internacional y &lt;personname productid="la Organizaci�n Trotskista" w:st="on"&gt;la Organización Trotskista&lt;/personname&gt; Revolucionaria de Chile. Cuatro años después de la derrota política del proletariado chileno a manos de la satrapía pinochetista, un abismo de sangre obrera separa a los revolucionarios de los responsables de la política de colaboración de clases: los partidos obreros reformistas (PC y PS), con la cobertura de "izquierda" de sus apéndices pequeño-burgueses; castristas y seudo-trotskistas. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;El 11 de septieabre de &lt;metricconverter productid="1973 ha" w:st="on"&gt;1973 ha&lt;/metricconverter&gt; sido el resultado de la cruenta traición de las direcciones reformistas y centristas que ataron al proletariado al programa desarrollista burgués de &lt;personname productid="la UP. Esta" w:st="on"&gt;la UP. Esta&lt;/personname&gt; derrota ha demostrado dé modo descarnado, la imposibilidad histórica de la política contrarrevolucionaria estalinista de la "revolución por etapas", ya sea bajo la forma "pacífica", frentepopulista, o armada (léase MIR-Tupamaros-ERP). Nuevamente la historia sirve como fuente inagotable de lecciones para los revolucionarios, comprobando la validez de la teoría marxista de &lt;personname productid="la Revoluci�n Permanente." w:st="on"&gt;la Revolución Permanente.&lt;/personname&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;Pero aún este baño de sangre obrera no impide a los apologistas del frente popular continuar implacablemente su política traidora, realizando los mayores esfuerzos para ampliar aun mas su subordinación a la burguesía con el llamado "frente antifascista", cortejando sin ambages a &lt;personname productid="la Democracia Cristiana" w:st="on"&gt;la Democracia Cristiana&lt;/personname&gt; (DC). No soló los socialistas y comunistas, sino también el MAPU, IC, MIR, buscan la alianza con &lt;personname productid="la DC" w:st="on"&gt;la DC&lt;/personname&gt; (o encubierta con los "sectores progresistas"), la mismísima DC (con sus "progresistas") que gestó directamente el golpe con la consecuente masacre y el intento de destrucción total de las organizaciones obreras chilenas. La caracterización de "fascista" para la junta bonapartista de Pinochet, solo busca cubrir sus desvergonzados intentos de volver a la "democracia" con el mantenimiento de las instituciones del Estado burgués. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier Std&amp;quot;;"&gt;Los pablo-mandelistas del SU, &lt;personname productid="la Liga Comunista" w:st="on"&gt;la Liga Comunista&lt;/personname&gt; Chilena (LCCh) y el Partido Socialista Revolucionario (PSR) definen a &lt;personname productid="la UP" w:st="on"&gt;la UP&lt;/personname&gt; como "reformista", negándose a reconocer su carácter burgués para /quitar/ su responsabilidad criminal durante el gobierno de Allende. Los "militantes trotskistas chilenos (ex-PDMR) del Comité de Organización por &lt;personname productid="la Reconstrucci�n" w:st="on"&gt;la Reconstrucción&lt;/personname&gt; de &lt;personname productid="la Cuarta Internacional" w:st="on"&gt;la Cuarta Internacional&lt;/personname&gt; (CORCI)"; demagógicamente hablando de frente popular disfrazan su seguidismo estratégico hacia las bandas social-patrioteras que intentan reconstruir el viejo PS chileno: las "Coordinadoras de Regionales" del PS. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier Std&amp;quot;;"&gt;Solo &lt;personname productid="la OTR" w:st="on"&gt;la OTR&lt;/personname&gt; y la tEI a nivel internacional, no pertenecen a este pantano asqueroso y en la defensa intransigente de los intereses históricos de la clase obrera mundial y del programa marxista, han logrado la fusión. Esto representa la única perspectiva para los militantes que quieren ser revolucionarios. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier Std&amp;quot;;"&gt;POR &lt;personname productid="LA CONSTRUCCIￓN OE" w:st="on"&gt;LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE&lt;/personname&gt; UN PARTIDO OBRERO REVOLUCIONARIO CHILENO &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier Std&amp;quot;;"&gt;POR EL RENACIMIENTO DE &lt;personname productid="LA CUARTA INTERNACIONA" w:st="on"&gt;LA CUARTA INTERNACIONAL&lt;/personname&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier Std&amp;quot;;"&gt;OTR de Chile - Sección simpatizante de la tendencia Espartaquista internacional &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Courier Std&amp;quot;;"&gt;Estocolmo-Suecia, 11 de septiembre de 1977. LEBOLCHEVIK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-6385037727212263358?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/6385037727212263358'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/6385037727212263358'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/oposicion-de-clase-al-frentepopulismo.html' title='Oposición de clase al frentepopulismo — Clave del reagrupamiento revolucionario'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZjiIhYa2K74/TuYsn9zRj2I/AAAAAAAABng/KYtLsiu9iuM/s72-c/lenin+trotsky+liebknecht+luxemburg.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-2050245294191078251</id><published>2011-12-10T03:25:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-10T03:28:59.656-08:00</updated><title type='text'>'Kaos en la Red', ciber-anticomunistas sin escrúpulos</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fKuCh6IUNf0/TuNBG1PLH2I/AAAAAAAABnY/Q_VESS0EfxU/s1600/kaos+en+la+red.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="268" mda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fKuCh6IUNf0/TuNBG1PLH2I/AAAAAAAABnY/Q_VESS0EfxU/s400/kaos+en+la+red.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-2050245294191078251?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/2050245294191078251'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/2050245294191078251'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/kaos-en-la-red.html' title='&apos;Kaos en la Red&apos;, ciber-anticomunistas sin escrúpulos'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fKuCh6IUNf0/TuNBG1PLH2I/AAAAAAAABnY/Q_VESS0EfxU/s72-c/kaos+en+la+red.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-2150650005657378924</id><published>2011-12-09T15:05:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-09T15:13:42.930-08:00</updated><title type='text'>James Connollyren 'Klase zapalduak Irlandaren historian' euskaratua</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BaX4aZNAEyo/TuKUEukevNI/AAAAAAAABnQ/mOKZqbpUTjM/s1600/james+connolly+klase+zapalduak.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" mda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BaX4aZNAEyo/TuKUEukevNI/AAAAAAAABnQ/mOKZqbpUTjM/s1600/james+connolly+klase+zapalduak.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;James Connolly&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;a href="http://www.icl-fi.org/english/wh/195/connolly.html"&gt;+&lt;/a&gt;] buruzagi sozialista eta irlandaren askapenerako borrokalariaren&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Klase zapalduak Irlandaren historian&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; liburua euskarara itzuli&amp;nbsp;dute Euskal Herria Sozialista-koek[&lt;a href="http://euskalherriasozialista.net/index.php"&gt;+&lt;/a&gt;]. Lehendik ere liburu hauek argitaratuak zituzten:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Marx-Engels&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Manifestu komunista&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lenin&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Estatua eta Iraultza&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rosa&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Luxenburg&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Erreforma edo iraultza&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Preobrazhensky&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Anarkismoa eta komunismoa&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trotsky&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Trantsizio programa&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Engels&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Sozialismo utopikotik sozialismo zientifikora&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Iosif &lt;strong&gt;Stalin&lt;/strong&gt;en &lt;em&gt;Leninismoaren oinarriak&lt;/em&gt; ere euskaratu du Templando El Acerok&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href="http://librosml.blogspot.com/2011/10/leninismoaren-oinarriak-ya-en-la-calle.html"&gt;+&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-2150650005657378924?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/2150650005657378924'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/2150650005657378924'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/james-connollyren-klase-zapalduak.html' title='James Connollyren &apos;Klase zapalduak Irlandaren historian&apos; euskaratua'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BaX4aZNAEyo/TuKUEukevNI/AAAAAAAABnQ/mOKZqbpUTjM/s72-c/james+connolly+klase+zapalduak.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-5343792002519448222</id><published>2011-12-07T15:18:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-07T22:34:32.236-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Kolosala izango da?</title><content type='html'>&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;La izquierda abertzale NO pedirá la amnistia el 7 de enero&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ezker abertzaleak EZ du amnistia aldarrikatuko urtarrilaren 7an&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La izquierda abertzale, que tras su bira de 180º al "transatlantico"&amp;nbsp;va rumbo hacia la derecha a toda máquina, no reclamará la amnistia&amp;nbsp;en las calles de Bilbo el 7 de enero. La manifestación será tan amplia como poco profunda. No hay que asustar a&amp;nbsp;los 4 burgueses de Eusko Alkartasuna, esos que aplaudian cuando detenian a los militantes vascos. Las consignas son claras: paz, proceso, normalizacion, fe, mucha fe. &lt;br /&gt;¿Veremos antes a nuestros presos en la calle que al Onaindia de turno de Barne Sailburu? La carrera ya comenzó.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GOG32n9JLnc/Tt_zdGRsVfI/AAAAAAAABlk/V2daviZ9GD8/s1600/subversion%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" mda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GOG32n9JLnc/Tt_zdGRsVfI/AAAAAAAABlk/V2daviZ9GD8/s1600/subversion%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;El "polo soberanista": La coalicion de los carceleros con los prisioneros&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;&lt;em&gt;"Manifestu honekin bat egiten dugun norbanako, kolektibo eta erakundeok berehala honako neurriak &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;hartzeko eskatzen diogu dagokionari:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;1- Euskal presoak Euskal Herrira ekartzea&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;2- Espainiar estatuan ezartzen den 197/06 doktrina bertan behera uztea, eta zigorra bete duten presoak &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;askatzea. Finean, bizi osorako espetxe zigorrarekin amaitzea.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;3- Frantziar estatuan ezartzen den bizi osorako zigorra bertan behera uztea, baldintzapeko askatasunei &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;bide emanez.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;4- Zigorraren 3/4ak bete dituzten presoen kaleratzea.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;5- Gaixotasun larriak dituzten presoak askatzea, eta bestelako gaixotasunak dituzten presoen zaintza&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;egokirako beharrezko neurriak hartzea. Finean presoen osasunerako eskubidea bermatzea da eskatzen &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;duguna.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;6- Ireki den aro berrian gatazkaren soluzio bidean modu positiboan eragiteko frantziar eta espainiar estatuek&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;darabilten espetxe politika konponbide gakoetan ezartzea.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Aldarrikapen horiei loturik, dei egin nahi diogu euskal herritar orori 2012ko urtarrilaren 7an Bilbon egingo den Herri Mobilizazio Orokorrean parte hartzera." &lt;/em&gt;[&lt;a href="http://kolosalaizangoda.info/#deskargatu"&gt;+&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-5343792002519448222?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5343792002519448222'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5343792002519448222'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/kolosala-izango-da.html' title='Kolosala izango da?'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GOG32n9JLnc/Tt_zdGRsVfI/AAAAAAAABlk/V2daviZ9GD8/s72-c/subversion%255B1%255D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-6090538392412673077</id><published>2011-12-06T07:45:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-06T15:16:33.278-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Amnistia eta kitto!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3uAPx7a23lA/Tt44ObXnEgI/AAAAAAAABlE/IUWmECXRMTg/s1600/amnistia+eta+kitto.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" dda="true" height="400" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3uAPx7a23lA/Tt44ObXnEgI/AAAAAAAABlE/IUWmECXRMTg/s400/amnistia+eta+kitto.jpg" width="375" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;Proletarier aller laender, vereinigt euch!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #444444; font-size: large;"&gt;Herrialde guztietako proletarioak, elkar zaitezte!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Rjwm1k5Ika0/Tt48k42R0dI/AAAAAAAABlM/ZHbj1YExCng/s1600/estatut+eia+bakea.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" dda="true" height="221" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Rjwm1k5Ika0/Tt48k42R0dI/AAAAAAAABlM/ZHbj1YExCng/s400/estatut+eia+bakea.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-quEVYUznvNY/Tt48xyILu9I/AAAAAAAABlU/yrywllmVNu4/s1600/amnistia+urtarrilak+7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" dda="true" height="158" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-quEVYUznvNY/Tt48xyILu9I/AAAAAAAABlU/yrywllmVNu4/s400/amnistia+urtarrilak+7.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FELqwlkUqOY/Tt488_0ViII/AAAAAAAABlc/9l58GJ2ruyI/s1600/presos+vascos.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" dda="true" height="146" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FELqwlkUqOY/Tt488_0ViII/AAAAAAAABlc/9l58GJ2ruyI/s400/presos+vascos.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;A LENIN&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Roque Dalton )&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para los campesinos de mi patria&lt;br /&gt;quiero la voz de Lenin.&lt;br /&gt;Para los proletarios de mi patria&lt;br /&gt;quiero la luz de Lenin.&lt;br /&gt;Para los perseguidos de mi patria&lt;br /&gt;quiero la paz de Lenin.&lt;br /&gt;Para la juventud de mi patria&lt;br /&gt;quiero la esperanza de Lenin.&lt;br /&gt;Para los asesinos de mi patria,&lt;br /&gt;para los carceleros de mi patria,&lt;br /&gt;quiero el odio de Lenin,&lt;br /&gt;quiero el puño de Lenin,&lt;br /&gt;quiero la pólvora de Lenin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;LENINI&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nire sorterriko nekazarientzat&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Leninen ahotsa nahi dut. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nire sorterriko proletarioentzat&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Leninen argia nahi dut. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nire sorterriko jazartuentzat&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Leninen bakea nahi dut. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nire sorterriko gazteriarentzat&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Leninen esperantza nahi dut.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nire sorterriko hiltzaileentzat,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;nire sorterriko presozainentzat,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Leninen gorrotoa nahi dut,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Leninen ukabila nahi dut,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Leninen bolbora nahi dut.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;—&lt;em&gt;Roque Dalton&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-6090538392412673077?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/6090538392412673077'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/6090538392412673077'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/amnistia-eta-kitto.html' title='Amnistia eta kitto!'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3uAPx7a23lA/Tt44ObXnEgI/AAAAAAAABlE/IUWmECXRMTg/s72-c/amnistia+eta+kitto.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-6633566339575731200</id><published>2011-12-06T05:14:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-06T06:59:13.642-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Trotskistak'/><title type='text'>'España: Los trabajadores deben liquidar la Guardia Civil!' (Le Bolchévik)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PeV91yUNhEE/Tt4YWT1f2VI/AAAAAAAABkY/pt79hPANZXA/s1600/valencia+23f.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" dda="true" height="168" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PeV91yUNhEE/Tt4YWT1f2VI/AAAAAAAABkY/pt79hPANZXA/s400/valencia+23f.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Tankeak Valentzian (Herrialde Katalanak)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 28pt;"&gt;Espagne: Les &lt;span style="color: #cc0000;"&gt;travailleurs&lt;/span&gt; doivent liquider la garde civile! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 28pt;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 24pt;"&gt;La tentative de coup d'Etat &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="FR" style="mso-ansi-language: FR;"&gt;du &lt;a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/23_f%C3%A9vrier" title="23 février"&gt;&lt;span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"&gt;23 février&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981" title="1981"&gt;&lt;span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"&gt;1981&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="FR" style="mso-ansi-language: FR;"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: black; color: white;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;LE BOLCHEVIK&lt;/em&gt; nº24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;28 mars&lt;/em&gt; — Le 23 février, 200 gardes civils, l'arme au poing, ont fait irruption dans le Parlement español á Madrid. Avec a leur tete un ultra du franquisme brandissant son pistolet, ils ont pris tous les parlementaires en otage. Mais ce coup de théátre n'était que le siñal d'une tentative de putsch de bien plus grande envergure. Pendant que les éléments de la división blindée Brúñete (l'unité la plus puissante de l’armée espagnole) occupaient des bátiments de la radio et de la televisión á Madrid, le centre de la ville de Valence [&lt;i&gt;València] &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;était envahi par des blindés sous les ordres du general Milans del Bosch, le gouverneur militaire qui avait decreté l'état d'exception. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0.95pt 0pt 0.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 12.95pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Le gros de l'armée a cependant suivi l'ordre du gouvernement de rester dans ses casernes, et les gouverneurs militaires des autres provinces ne se sont pas ralliés a l'exemple de Del Bosch. Le general Armada, ex-chef d'état-major et selon toute vraisemblance véritable dirigeant du putsch, avait échoué dans son effort de gañer le soutien du roi Juan Carlos, malgré ses liens personnels de longue date avec le monarque. A l'heure du message televisé du roi, tót dans la matinée, il était clair que la tentative de Coup d'Etat avait manqué son but. Del Bosch donna l'ordre á ses tanks de quitter les rúes ; et Tejero resta seul pour négocier une "reddition honorable" . &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0.95pt 0pt 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 12.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0.95pt 0pt 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 12.45pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Le roi Juan Carlos , nommé par le défunt dictateur, est encensé comme sauveur de la "démocratie españole" . Mais le fait que le &lt;i&gt;golpe &lt;/i&gt;(putsch) n'ait pas été desarmé avant 1' intervention du monarque confirme que ce dernier n'est pas une simple potiche, mais qu'il est le commandant supreme des forces armées. &lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;Pour cette fois, il a ordonné a l'état-major d'appuyer le gouvernement civil. Demain, l'autorité nécessaire au roi pour imposer ou donner son aval á un régime du type "Etat fort" sera grandement accrue. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0.95pt 0pt 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;L'armée a á maintes reprises suggéré discrétement, ou menacé ouvertement, qu'elle balayera le chétif Parlement si la gauche se renforce ou si les terroristes nationalistes basques demeurent actifs. La "démocratie españole" pourrait alors aisément subir une transformation bonapartiste , car les sinistres forces des institutions antidémocratiques de la dictature franquiste n'ont jamáis été extirpées. &lt;i&gt;Gardez-vous des rois qui décommandent des complots! &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;L'aspect peut-étre le plus dangereux de l'étrange tentative de coup d'Etat aux Cortes est que la classe ouvriére n'est pas intervenue. L'armée est restée dans ses casernements ,tandis que la pólice nationale armée — les &lt;i&gt;grises &lt;/i&gt;, pas moins redoutables que la garde civile — encerclait le Parlement. Les syndicats et les partis de masse de la classe ouvriére, notamment le PCE eurocommuniste de Santiago Carrillo et le PSOE social-démocrate de Felipe Gonzalez, ont ordonné aux masses de rester chez elles. Ils ont pré-tendu que ce n'était qu'"un incident isolé, qui ne bénéficiait apparemment pas du soutien des forces armées". Qu'auraient du faire les travailleurs, alors ? Attendre une tentative sérieuse de coup d'Etat, pour étre acueillis par le tir nourri de militaires determinés et unis ? Cette politique de crétinisme parlementaire est un programme de défaite sanglante. &lt;i&gt;Souvenons-nous de 1936!&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1.15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Les complots du 23 février &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 1.15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;II semble que presque tout le monde était au courant des préparatifs de coup d'Etat. Le rapport officiel du ministre de la défense declare tout de go que le gouvernement savait depuis la fin de l'année derniére qu'un grand coup d'Etat était en préparation. Il y a méme eu des appels ouverts á la rébellion du journal réactionnaire &lt;i&gt;El Alcázar. &lt;/i&gt;Mais cela n'empeche pas que tout le monde a attendu paralysé. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 6.95pt 0pt 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Le magazine monarchiste-conservateur &lt;i&gt;ABC &lt;/i&gt;appelle la tentative de coup d'Etat aux Cortes "la pointe de 1'iceberg" et explique qu'il y avait en fait &lt;i&gt;trois &lt;/i&gt;complots separés : un premier envisageant un coup de forcé violent ; un deuxiéme envisageant une prise de pouvoir négociée avec l'accord du roi ; et un troisiéme qui avait pour but de pousser le gouvernement actuel fortement á droite. D'autres exposés font mention d'un "plan Delta" sur une grande échelle projeté pour le printemps. II y a aussi une possible "American connection". En tous cas, il semble que la tentative de putsch du 23 février se proposait de profiter en toute hate du vide politique causé par la brusque démission du premier ministre Adolfo Suarez. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 6pt 0pt 0.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 6pt 0pt 0.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Certes le "putsch du colonel fou", quel qu'ait été son but initial, a été utilisé par ceux qui menaçent d'une véritable prise du pouvoir par les militaires si les choses ne se passent pas comme le veulent les généraux. Le premier ministre actuel, Calvo Sotelo, a repousse une proposition que les socialistes entrent dans le gouvernement, en laissant entendre que l'armée serait mécontente. Le roi lui-méme est loin d'étre le dernier adepte de ce chantage politique, lui qui a declaré: "Les récents événements devraient servir de leçon" et qui a prévenu les dirigeants politiques qu'ils ne devraient pas compter sur lui la prochaine fois ! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 6pt 0pt 0.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Inutile de le diré, il n'est pas question de la moindre purge des forces de l'armée et de la pólice. Au lieu de cela, les gardes civils non grades impliques dans la prise du Parlement seraient prochainement reintegrés dans leurs unités tandis que Tejero est autorisé á recevoir en prison des messages de sympathie et méme des visites.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;La fin du "franquisme reformé"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 1.15pt 0pt 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Pourquoi la "démocratie" espagnole est-elle aussi désarmée devant la menace d'un coup d'Etat militaire? Parce qu'elle n'est pas véritablement une démocratie bourgeoise achevée, mais un régime semi-bonapartiste á facade parlementaíre. Louvoyant entre le Bunker franquiste et l ' “opposition democratique” , le régime de Suarez a essayé, gráce á la combinaison de mesures de pólice énergiques, de rhétorique "democratique" et de reformes sans conséquences, de contenir les masses tout en démantelant les structures corporatistes dépassées de l'ordre franquiste (le parti unique, les "syndicats verticaux"). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 1.15pt 0pt 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Le franquisme n'était pas representé exclusivement par les phalangistes fanatiques ou encoré la réactionnaire Alliance Populaire dans ce régime, mais aussi par 1'Union du Centre Democratique de Suarez, prétendument centriste, composée de notables et de hauts fonctionnaires qui avaient simplement troqué leur chemise bleue phalangiste pour des habits plus respectables. Suarez lui-méme était l'ancien dirigeant du parti unique franquiste et avait gardé des liens étroits avec les caciques et l'Opus Dei clérical-réactionnaire. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 3.6pt 0pt 0.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Néanmoins, Suarez fut contraint de démissionner le 29 janvier, et ce, de facón claire, sous la pression des militaires qui l'accusaient de faire trop de concessions aux nationalistes basques. La question nationale a continuellement été un obstacle inamovible á la consolidation de l'Etat espagnol de l'aprés-Franco sur une base plus "moderne" . Face á la croissance explosive des mouvements nationalistes et régionalistes, Suarez ne pouvait offrir que les reformes les plus bidón, car les généraux franquistes n'auraient jamáis permis le "démembrement de l'Etat espagnol". Le contexte immédiat de la tentative de coup d'Etat était la gréve genérale du pays basque le 16 février, en réaction á l'assassinat par la pólice, trois jours auparavant, d'un militant de l'ETA. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 3.6pt 0pt 0.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;En outre, la bourgeoisie espagnole n'avait pas reçu sa recompense pour la "démocratisation": l'admission dans la CEE. De plus, l'Espagne est plongée&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;dans une grave crise économique (avec %11 de chomeurs). On entend de plus en plus des mots d'ordre comme "avec Franco on vivait mieux", á mesure que l'inflation galopante et l'augmentation du nombre des faillites de petites entreprises provoquent une frénésie réactionnaire dans la petite-bourgeoisie. Le décor est monté pour un autre coup : la "démocratie" espagnole est dans l'impasse.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MpELjD_Uc8s/Tt4eSnQq42I/AAAAAAAABko/4luagqjVC7Y/s1600/euskadi+ta+askatasuna.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" dda="true" height="248" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MpELjD_Uc8s/Tt4eSnQq42I/AAAAAAAABko/4luagqjVC7Y/s400/euskadi+ta+askatasuna.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;E.T.A: "Zuek erreformistak, zarete terroristak"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Les humbles serviteurs du roi... &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;La situation actuelle, extrémement menaçante, provient surtout de la &lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;défaite&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;des gréves politiques massives de la classe ouvriére et des manifestations qui rassemblérent á de nombreuses reprises des centaines de milliers de personnes dans les rúes contre la dictature. C ' est á cause de la coopération active des dirigeants réformistes traitres du prolétariat espagnol, qui ont tout á fait consciemment limité et saboté ces luttes en échange des assurances du roi au sujet de la "démocratie" . II est profondément ironique que les principaux traitres réformistes se soient trouvés parmi les otages, pris par ces mémes tueurs auxquels ils avaient assuré un nouveau sursis. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 1.15pt 0pt 0.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;La presse bourgeoise s'émerveille de la passivité du prolétariat espagnol, méme dans le pays basque, et applaudit á l'unité nationale autour du roi. Mais le roi a été hué quand il a visité le pays basque. La gréve genérale du 16 février a été effective á 80-90% en Navarre [Nafarroa Garaia], tandis qu'á Bilbao [Bilbo], les masses dressaient des barricades et attaquaient les blindes de la garde civile . II ne fait pas de doute que les masses hésitent á entrer dans une guerre civile désarmées et désorganisées; la responsabilité de cette situation revient uniquement aux dirigeants traitres du PCE et du PSOE. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 1.15pt 0pt 0.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 1.15pt 0pt 0.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Immédiatement aprés le coup d'Etat, les Commissions ouvriéres (CO [CC.OO.] — dirigées par le PCE) et l'Union Genérale des Travailleurs (UGT — dirigée par le PSOE) ont appelé á une gréve de deux heures le 24 février sans manifestations. En Catalogne, les CO [CC.OO.] ont appelé á deux jours de gréve, mais elles ont reculé tout de suite. Le PC basque [sud] á appelé á la gréve genérale , mais sans les CCOO; l'UGT basque était carrément contre. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 1.15pt 0pt 0.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 6pt 0pt 0.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Les réformistes ont organisé massivement seulement pour les manifestations du 27 février — pour noyer le prolétariat dans un raz de maree pro-royaliste avec l'UCD et méme l'extreme droite ! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 6pt 0pt 0.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 3.35pt 0pt 0.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Le PCE et le PSOE se précipitent, avec une servilité obscéne, pour assurer les généraux de leur soutien absolu dans la lutte "antiterroriste" . Carrillo a en outre declaré : "Autonomie oui, démembrement de l'Espagne non !", beuglant pour le "drapeau national" et contre la "prolifération de banderoles regionales" . Le "programme máximum" du PCE est un gouvernement PSOE/UCD, mais ni Carrillo ni Gonzalez ne réaliseront leurs désirs de collaboration de classes : l'armée ne veut pas d'eux. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 3.35pt 0pt 0.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: windowtext;"&gt;Dans le temps le PCE appelait á une République, contre la monarchie franquiste. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;Mais l'essence du front populaire est la protection d'institutions bourgeoises clé, telles que l'armée ; le spectacle de militants du PCE criant "vive le roi" est certes écoeurant, mais un front populaire plus "gauche", &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;comme celui d&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="mso-text-raise: 4.0pt; position: relative; top: -4pt;"&gt;’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Allende, a également composé avec le corps des officiers, ouvrant la voie a une défaite sanglante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 2.85pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;...et leurs suivistes de l'"extreme gauche"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 2.85pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 1.65pt 0pt 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 12.7pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;La Ligue Comnmuniste Révolutionnaire (LCR) , section españole du Secrétariat Unifié de Mandel et Cié, s'est présentée comme la véritable alternative aux partis réformistes et a une "extreme gauche" en pleine décomposition. Elle se pose en champion de la lutte pour les droits démocratiques contre l'appareil d'Etat hérité du franquisme. En réalité la LCR a suivi le convoi des réformistes en répandant des illusions sur la "démocratisation" de l'Etat franquiste. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 1.65pt 0pt 1.4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 12.7pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 1.65pt 0pt 1.9pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 12.95pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Aujourd'hui&lt;/i&gt;, la LCR explique : "Tant qu'existera ce type d'appareil d'Etat, ce genre de menaces contre les libertés démocratiques existeront" &lt;i&gt;(Rouge, &lt;/i&gt;27 février-5 mars) . Mais aprés les élections de 1977, le Secrétariat Unifié proclamait triomphalement : "La bourgeoisie españole a été obligée de liquider pas á pas la dictature franquiste" &lt;i&gt;(Inprecor, &lt;/i&gt;23 juin 1977) ! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;La LCR a touché le fond du crétinisme parlementaire avec le communiqué infame de Barcelona, le 30 janvier 1977. Parmi les siñataires de cette déclaration front populiste se trouvaient des formations bourgeoises — 1'Esquerra Républicana , les carlistes et 1'Assemblée de Catalunya —et la plupart de 1'extreme gauche españole, y compris la LCR. Ce communiqué revendiquait "l'action immédiate contre les vrais responsables de la situation actuelle, c'est-á-dire les organisations fascistes et para-policiéres" . Cette supplication suicidaire a la protection de la pólice franquiste se terminait par un appel á l'"unité et la responsabilité de tout le peuple" . Aujourd'hui, cette position se retrouve dans 1'appel pour une "enquéte publique aboutissant a l'épuration et au chátiment des coupables, dissolution de la garde civile, épuration des fascistes de l'appareil d'Etat et emprisonnement de Milans del Bosch et de tous ses cómplices" &lt;i&gt;(Rouge, &lt;/i&gt;13-19 mars) . Ce qui est presenté comme un pr ojet pour la reforme de l' Etat franquiste. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: 12.7pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Il semble que la LCR ait repris en plus le schéma des lambertistes (la LCR et les lambertistes españols avaient un cortége commun á la manifestation du 2 7 février avec le mot d'ordre : "l'Españe demain sera républicaine") qui consiste á appeler á toutes sortes d'actions militantes —méme la gréve genérale illimitée —, mais seulement dans le cadre d'un combat pour les revendications démocratiques. Des revendications comme 1'Assemblée constituante, l'autodétermination pour les minorités nationales, etc. sont certainement des armes puissantes pour mobiliser le prolétariat dans la lutte contre la réaction franquiste. Mais les séparer artificiellement de la lutte pour la prise du pouvoir par le prolétariat, établissant par-lá, de facto, une "étape démocratique" pour la révolution españole, comme le font les cen-tristes et les réformistes, est une trahison de la révolution socialiste. Le crime du POUM, durant la guerre civile españole, a été son refus de se battre pour construiré des &lt;i&gt;soviets &lt;/i&gt;en dépit de toute sa rhétorique sur le front populaire. Et la LCR est méme á la droite du POUM !&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kJXH9yjylLU/Tt4bpwi-ZkI/AAAAAAAABkg/AbCPuvA9W6c/s1600/guardia+civil+1934.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" dda="true" height="260" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kJXH9yjylLU/Tt4bpwi-ZkI/AAAAAAAABkg/AbCPuvA9W6c/s400/guardia+civil+1934.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;Asturies 1934: Guardia Zibil errepublikarra meatzarien altxamendua zapaltzen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: large; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Un programme trotskyste pour l' Españe &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;Les travailleurs españols haissent la garde civile avec une passion et une amertume telles qu'elles pouvraient ouvrir les vannes de la révolution. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;Méme un groupe de propagande révolutionnaire d' une taille modeste aurait pu profiter de ce moment crucial de coup d'Etat d'avertissement, s'efforçant de mobiliser le prolétariat par centaines de milliers pour administrer son propre avertissement aux assassins franquistas . &lt;/span&gt;Une direction trotskyste aurait appelé á la gréve genérale pour déjouer le putsch; á la formation de milices ouvriéres de front unique basées sur les syndicats (et qui ne soient pas exclusivement les milices d'un parti) pour s'emparer des casernes et des convois de l'armée ; á des comités de soldats pour polariser l'armée ; á une marche sur les Cortes pour mettre en fuite les fascistes et les putschistes. Des comités prolétariens de défense établiraient le fondement de structures soviétiques qui pourraient balayer les institutions armées (épine dorsale du franquisme) , mobilisant pour la révolution ouvriére. Mais, en l'absence d'une telle action, il sera bien plus dur ne serait-ce que d' emprisonner les tortionnaires de la garde civile qui terrorisent la population basque et représentent une menace permanente pour la classe ouvriére dans son ensemble. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 0.45pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: windowtext;"&gt;Rappelez-vous en 1921 le putsch de Kapp en Allemañe, oú la classe ouvriére s'est levée en masse pour barrer la route á un petit groupe de militaristes d'extréme droite, ouvrant ainsi la voie á une nouvelle crise révolutionnaire quelques mois plus tard. S'il y &lt;/span&gt;avait eu en Españe un tel déferlement en octobre 1934 (quand 1'extreme droite est entrée dans le cabinet) a la place d'une insurrection isolée dans les Asturies, le cours de l'histoire españole aurait été fort différent, et des centaines de milliers de vi}es de prolétaires auraient été éparñées. C 'est cet échec décisíf qui a frayé le chemin au franquisme. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="color: windowtext;"&gt;Soyons vigilants! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="color: windowtext;"&gt;La réaction n'a fait que montrer les dents, mais elle peut encoré mordre ! La formation de milices ouvriéres est une tache d'autodéfense pressante pour le mouvement ouvrier español. II faut liquider la garde civile et toutes les pólices politiques bonapartistes spéciales. Ceci sera réalisé non par des monarques "démocratiques" ou des parlements impuissants, mais par le combat pour la révolution prolétarienne. LE BOLCHEVIK [&lt;a href="http://ddd.uab.cat/pub/ppc/bolchevikLT/bolchevikLT_a1981m4n24.pdf"&gt;+&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.icl-fi.org/francais/index.html"&gt;http://www.icl-fi.org/francais/index.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XB495eORyag/Tt4hcfnd2xI/AAAAAAAABkw/f9-tLyzHHj8/s1600/hoov-10-02-28-ph01-patenaude-trotsky-death%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" dda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XB495eORyag/Tt4hcfnd2xI/AAAAAAAABkw/f9-tLyzHHj8/s1600/hoov-10-02-28-ph01-patenaude-trotsky-death%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Trotsky Mexikon&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-6633566339575731200?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/6633566339575731200'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/6633566339575731200'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/espagne-les-travailleurs-doivent.html' title='&apos;España: Los trabajadores deben liquidar la Guardia Civil!&apos; (Le Bolchévik)'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PeV91yUNhEE/Tt4YWT1f2VI/AAAAAAAABkY/pt79hPANZXA/s72-c/valencia+23f.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-4406497638498355199</id><published>2011-12-05T14:48:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-05T15:19:00.326-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Lenin-Trotsky</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--P6l22u4xFg/Tt1JQAdU_QI/AAAAAAAABkA/KH62_5pf0Xc/s1600/paisos+catalans+lluita.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" dda="true" height="211" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--P6l22u4xFg/Tt1JQAdU_QI/AAAAAAAABkA/KH62_5pf0Xc/s400/paisos+catalans+lluita.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ca-ES"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;"La lluita a favor de l’autodeterminació de les nacions, a favor de tots els pobles, a favor de tots els oprimits i els que breguen per la seua independència és un dels aspectes més importants de la lluita contra la guerra [imperialista]"&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ca-ES"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: medium;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trotsky, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Declaración al Congreso contra la Guerra de Amsterdam&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href="http://www.marxists.org/catala/trotsky/1932/07/amsterdam.htm"&gt;+&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UE84VEfh7Is/Tt1I3cai9XI/AAAAAAAABj4/UtBD-BMOybQ/s1600/firma.trotsky%255B1%255D.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" dda="true" height="82" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UE84VEfh7Is/Tt1I3cai9XI/AAAAAAAABj4/UtBD-BMOybQ/s200/firma.trotsky%255B1%255D.gif" width="200" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="ca-ES"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 2.15pt 0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;"No es marxista, y ni siquiera demócrata, quien no acepta ni defiende la igualdad de derechos de las naciones y de los idiomas, quien no lucha contra toda opresión o desigualdad entre las naciones" &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 2.15pt 0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 2.15pt 0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lenin,&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Notas críticas sobre la cuestion nacional&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uXzFCf_ieTk/Tt1KCAYP92I/AAAAAAAABkI/_5TyvwqphV4/s1600/sinadura+lenin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" dda="true" height="133" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uXzFCf_ieTk/Tt1KCAYP92I/AAAAAAAABkI/_5TyvwqphV4/s200/sinadura+lenin.jpg" width="200" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="Default" style="margin: 0cm 2.15pt 0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1mdNLX7hLeA/Tt1RNcoCYrI/AAAAAAAABkQ/KFMVMHfs0yQ/s1600/partito+comunista+italia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" dda="true" height="287" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1mdNLX7hLeA/Tt1RNcoCYrI/AAAAAAAABkQ/KFMVMHfs0yQ/s400/partito+comunista+italia.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-4406497638498355199?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4406497638498355199'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4406497638498355199'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/lenin-trotsky.html' title='Lenin-Trotsky'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--P6l22u4xFg/Tt1JQAdU_QI/AAAAAAAABkA/KH62_5pf0Xc/s72-c/paisos+catalans+lluita.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-7317360249135135851</id><published>2011-12-03T11:23:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-03T11:26:20.124-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bertolt Brecht'/><title type='text'>Langile baten galderak liburu baten aurrean (Bertolt Brecht)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Zazpi Atedun Tebas hura, nork eraiki zuen?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Liburuetan Errege izenik baizik ez da ageri.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Erregeek garraiatu ote zituzten harritzar haundiok?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eta hainbatetan porrokatua izan zen Babilonia,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;nork jaso zuen beste hainbestetan?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lima distirant hura eraiki zuten langileak, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;ze etxetan bizi ote ziren?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Txinako Harresia bukatu zen iluntzean:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;nora jo zuten harginek? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Erroma bikain hura&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;garaitza arkuz beterik. Nork altxatu zituen?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Nortzuk menperatu zituzten Zesarrek?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Hain ospetsua zen Bizanziok, jauregiz besterik&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;ez ote zuen bertako jendearentzat? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alegiazko Atlantidanberebat, itsasoak irentsi zuen gauean,&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;biztanleak ito zorian&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;oihuka ari zitzaizkien beren esklaboei laguntza eske.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Alejandro gazteak India bereganatu zuen.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Berak bakarrik ote?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Zesarrek galoak menderatu.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Ez ote zuen berarekin sukaldari bat bederen?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Felipe Espainiakoak negar egin zuen bere Armada urperatu zenean. &lt;br /&gt;Ez ote zuen beste inork negarrik egin?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Federiko Bigarrenak Zazpi Urteko Gerra irabazi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Nork bestek zuen irabazi?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Garaitza bat orrialde bakoitzean.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Nortzuk atondu zituzten garaitza banketeak?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Hamar urtez behin gizon haundi bat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Nork ordaintzen zituen haren gastuak?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Zenbat historia, hainbat galdera. Historiak bezainbat galdera.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Zenbat historia! Zenbat galdera!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;--&lt;strong&gt;Bertolt Brecht&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-7317360249135135851?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/7317360249135135851'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/7317360249135135851'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/langile-baten-galderak-liburu-baten.html' title='Langile baten galderak liburu baten aurrean (Bertolt Brecht)'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-1553457578314271224</id><published>2011-12-03T11:12:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-03T11:12:06.178-08:00</updated><title type='text'>"Absoluzioa Kataluniako komunistentzat"</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Prg_PUNUd7w/Ttp0TJqnlkI/AAAAAAAABjw/g4GZn4iYCZ8/s1600/catalunya+eh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" dda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Prg_PUNUd7w/Ttp0TJqnlkI/AAAAAAAABjw/g4GZn4iYCZ8/s1600/catalunya+eh.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bilbo, 2011ko abendua&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-1553457578314271224?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/1553457578314271224'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/1553457578314271224'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/12/absoluzioa-kataluniako-komunistentzat.html' title='&quot;Absoluzioa Kataluniako komunistentzat&quot;'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Prg_PUNUd7w/Ttp0TJqnlkI/AAAAAAAABjw/g4GZn4iYCZ8/s72-c/catalunya+eh.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-3803056775861298963</id><published>2011-11-30T10:27:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-30T11:04:44.075-08:00</updated><title type='text'>¿Cómo sería Cuba sin Revolucion?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--hNtcVFAXNA/TtZ1fFwGF7I/AAAAAAAABjo/EWZFS--uetc/s1600/guatemala+capitalismo+pais+vasco+eh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" dda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--hNtcVFAXNA/TtZ1fFwGF7I/AAAAAAAABjo/EWZFS--uetc/s1600/guatemala+capitalismo+pais+vasco+eh.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En la imagen superior inmigrantes de Europa Oriental disfrutando de la Europa democrática, monárquica en este caso. La contrarrevolucion en los estados obreros deformados del Este europeo solo ha traido miseria, desindustrializacion, corrupcion, desigualdad, racismo y obscurantismo religioso. Muchos han tenido que emigrar hacia Europa Occidental para encontrar la misma pobreza de la que escapaban.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Otros, en Centroamerica,&amp;nbsp;nunca pudieron huir de tal miseria, y sigen, cómo siempre, arrastrándose entre la basura y las ratas.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-3803056775861298963?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/3803056775861298963'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/3803056775861298963'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/11/como-seria-una-cuba-sin-revolucion.html' title='¿Cómo sería Cuba sin Revolucion?'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--hNtcVFAXNA/TtZ1fFwGF7I/AAAAAAAABjo/EWZFS--uetc/s72-c/guatemala+capitalismo+pais+vasco+eh.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-6468913072104779020</id><published>2011-11-29T06:25:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-29T06:43:51.773-08:00</updated><title type='text'>AMAIUR? "Por sus frutos los conocereis"</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-K4tQuwp_3-I/TtTqQfzTBlI/AAAAAAAABjg/qA33LR-S1f4/s1600/rufi+etxeberria.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" dda="true" height="288" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-K4tQuwp_3-I/TtTqQfzTBlI/AAAAAAAABjg/qA33LR-S1f4/s400/rufi+etxeberria.bmp" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Frontepopulismoaren apostoluak: San Rufino Etxeberria eta Iñigo Iruin. 2011ko azaroan&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;El Correo&lt;/strong&gt; (antiguo órgano oficial de Falange): &lt;em&gt;¿Cómo se enteró del cese definitivo de la violencia de ETA? ¿En quién pensó en ese momento?&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A. Otegi:&lt;/strong&gt; Pensé en primer lugar en aquellos sectores instalados en los aparatos del Estado que quisieron impedir con nuestro encarcelamiento y condena que ese comunicado llegara. Me alegré de su fracaso. &lt;strong&gt;Quise acordarme después de todos aquellos cargos electos, empresarios. a los que la actividad armada de ETA impedía desarrollar una vida normalizada y me alegré por ellos y sus familias.&lt;/strong&gt; Por último pensé en todas las personas que no podrán disfrutar de este nuevo tiempo. Su memoria deberá de servirnos para que nunca más se diriman nuestras diferencias políticas mediante la utilización de la violencia en nuestra vieja Euskal Herria. [&lt;a href="http://www.diariovasco.com/v/20111128/politica/rajoy-tiene-voluntad-mayoria-20111128.html"&gt;*&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-6468913072104779020?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/6468913072104779020'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/6468913072104779020'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/11/amaiur-por-sus-frutos-los-conocereis.html' title='AMAIUR? &quot;Por sus frutos los conocereis&quot;'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-K4tQuwp_3-I/TtTqQfzTBlI/AAAAAAAABjg/qA33LR-S1f4/s72-c/rufi+etxeberria.bmp' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-4408300195651273253</id><published>2011-11-27T02:02:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-27T05:11:27.416-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Trotskistak'/><title type='text'>The Polish-Soviet War</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6la_O39oswM/TtINxzml-0I/AAAAAAAABjA/OkmRxC8xS8c/s1600/trotsky+guerra+polonia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hda="true" height="299" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6la_O39oswM/TtINxzml-0I/AAAAAAAABjA/OkmRxC8xS8c/s400/trotsky+guerra+polonia.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #134f5c; font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: x-large;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Trotsky &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;addresses Red Army during revolutionary war against Pilsudski's Poland&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #134f5c; font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: x-large;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #134f5c; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Bolsheviks and&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #134f5c; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;the "Export of Revolution"&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: black;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-large;"&gt;The Russo-Polish War&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;The issue of making "revolution from without" arose&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;among the Bolsheviks as a result of the Russo-Polish war of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;1920. Its formulation and the ensuing debate were&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;organically linked to the course and outcome of that war.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;In April 1920 Joseph Pilsudski, the bourgeois nationalist&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;"Libetator" of Poland, launched an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;unprovoked attack on the Soviet forces in the Ukraine.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Backed by French imperialism, Pilsudski had ambitions to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;recreate "Greater Poland" by bringing the Ukraine and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;parts of the Baltic states back under Polish rule. The Soviet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;government, which had been desperately trying to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;negotiate a peace with Poland, was taken unprepared and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;was forced to abandon Kiev and much of the Ukraine. But&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;the Red Army mustered fresh forces and in June launched a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;successful counterattack that sent the overextended Polish&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;armies reeling in disorderly retreat. By the end of June the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Soviet armies had advanced almost unopposed right up to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;the border of national Poland. The question was then&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;posed point blank: whether to conclude peace with&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Pilsudski or to go over to the offensive in a revolutionary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;war against Poland? It was this agonizingly difficult&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;question that the Bolshevik Politburo debated.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;No Bolshevik leader considered revolutionary war&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;against Pilsudski's Poland impermissible in principle.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Rather the debate centered on two interrelated, empirical&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;questions. One, would the Red Army's advance into&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Poland ignite a proletarian uprising leading to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;peasant aid to the Soviet forces, mutinies among&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Pilsudski's troops, etc.? Two, how would the Soviet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;peoples, devastated bv six years of war and civil war, stand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;up to a new major war? The stronger the indigenous&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;revolutionary forces in Poland, the less the demands on the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;offensive capacity of the Red Army and behind it on the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Russian and Ukrainian masses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Of the top Bolshevik leaders Trotsky alone advocated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;negotiation of an immediate peace with Poland. Writing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;later in his 1930 autobiography, Trotsky explained his&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;position as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;"Even more perhaps than any one else, I did not want this&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;war, because I realized only too clearly how difficult it&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;would be to prosecute it after three years of continuous&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;civil war…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;"A point of view that the war which began as one of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;defense should be turned into an offensive and revolutionary &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;war began to grow and acquire strength. In principle,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;of course I could not possibly have any objection to such a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;course. The question was simply one of the correlation of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;forces. The unknown quantity was the attitude of the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Polish workers and peasants."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;—&lt;em&gt;My Life&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Trotsky believed that a Russian offensive against&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Pilsudski could hope to succeed only if a proletarian&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;revolution broke out early on in Poland. And he had good&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;reason to doubt that a communist revolution in Poland was&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;so imminent. He listened to the sober estimates of such&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;leading Polish Communist emigrés as Julian Marchlewski&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;and Karl Radek. Marchlewski evidently spared no effort to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;persuade the Russian Politburo not to undertake the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;invasion of Poland. But perhaps none was so opposed to a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;war with Poland as was Radek, who believed that Russian&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;troops marching on Polish soil, even if they raised the banner&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;"For our freedom and yours!", would be regarded&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;by the masses as conquerors and not liberators. Radek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;urged the Bolshevik leaders to let the Polish revolution&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;mature on its own before sending Russian troops to its aid.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;There was a definite logic to this position. If the Soviet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;government were to conclude a peace with Pilsudski, then&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;both the Red Army and the Polish Communists would buy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;time to better gather forces for the offensive. If Pilsudski&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;were to reject a generous Soviet peace offer, making war&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;inevitable, then the Polish masses would be able to see&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;clearly who was the real aggressor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Of the other Bolshevik leaders Lenin was most resolutely&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;in favor of going over to the offensive against Poland. No&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;doubt Lenin was impressed by the effect on the Soviet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;forces of Pilsudski's attack on the Ukraine. The Red Army&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;certainly appeared ready and willing to rout the retreating,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;demoralized units of the Polish army. But what seemed to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;have clinched the question for Lenin were the reports he&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;received from resident Polish Communists like Felix Kon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;and P.L. Lapinski. Kon and Lapinksi, who came from the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;anti-Luxemburgist wing of the old Polish socialist&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;movement and would therefore presumably be sensitive to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;the national sentiments of the Polish masses, predicted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;imminent revolution in Warsaw.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Moreover, Lenin fixed his gaze on Berlin. Revolution&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;indeed seemed imminent in Germany. Only a few months&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;earlier the German proletariat had defeated the right-wing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Kapp putsch with a general strike and also had prevented&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;French munitions shipments from reaching Poland after&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Pilsudski's attack on the Ukraine. In a revolutionary war&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;against Poland the stakes were enormous. A Soviet Poland&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;would remove the last bulwark sealing off the October&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Revolution &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;from Germany. If only the Soviets could&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;deliver lhe coup de grace to Pilsudski, the entire Treaty of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Versailles would come crashing down, and the floodgates&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;of revolution would burst open in Germany, spreading&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;over the entire continent. The very prospect made for an&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;almost overwhelming argument. To a certain extent Lenin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;and the Politburo majority were willing to subordinate the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;degree of indigenous support for the sovietization of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Poland to the goal of securing a common border with&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Germany, then in the throes of a revolutionary situation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;And certainly with the Red Army on Germany's border in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;the period 1920-23, the entire course of modern history&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: #4f6228; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;could have been radically altered.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Lenin's most complete statement of the international&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;significance of the Polish war was given in a speech to a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;congress of leather industry workers on 2 October 1920:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;"The Versailles Peace has turned Poland into a buffer state&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;which is to guard against German contact with Soviet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;communism and is regarded by the Entente as a weapon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;against t the Bolsheviks.... &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Had Poland turned Soviet, had the Warsaw workers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;received from Soviet Russia help they awaited and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;welcomed, the Peace of Versailles would have been&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;smashed, and the entire international system set up as a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;result of the victory over the Germany would have collapsed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;France would then not have had a buffer protecting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Germany against Soviet Russia."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;—&lt;em&gt;Collected Works, Vol. 31&lt;/em&gt; ( 1966)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;lronically, in comparison with the differences over the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Brest-Litovsk peace in 1918, Lenin and Trotsky now&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;switched roles. At that time it was Lenin who had most&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;adamantly pressed for concluding the "shameful peace" in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;order to secure a respite for the newly formed Soviet state.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Trotsky, in advocating his "not war, not peace" position,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;banked on a more or less imminent revolution in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Germany.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Whereas events proved Lenin right in 1918, the course of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;the Russo-Polish war did not bear out his optimistic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;projections. The Polish peasants, whipped up by the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Catholic clergy, resented the advancing Reds as conquerors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;and not liberators. The memories of a century and a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;half of national and religious oppression were still fresh in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;the mind of the Polish rural majority. And the Red Army's&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;forced grain requisitions, coupled with some incidents of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;vengeance against individuals by raw Russian soldiers,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;didn't help win the mistrustful Poles to the Communist&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;cause.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Nor was the Soviet Russian advance welcomed in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;general by the urban proletariat, which in its majority was&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;still under socialdemocratic leadership. The Polish&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Communist Party, which had been forced underground&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;more than a year before, issued a call for a general strike,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;but it found no response except among the militant miners&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;in the extreme southwestern industrial region of Dabrowa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;In Warsaw some workers even volunteered to serve in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;Pilsudski's militias. After the Russians' defeat at the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;historic battle of the Vistula, Lenin admitted that the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;offensive provoked not class war within Poland but&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, serif;"&gt;national unity.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;em&gt;Spartacist &lt;/em&gt;nº29, 1980.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-&lt;em&gt;Spartacist&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7coJXBI5vQk/TtISwUdS7NI/AAAAAAAABjI/ia0z-bFvyq8/s1600/Jozef_Pilsudski%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hda="true" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7coJXBI5vQk/TtISwUdS7NI/AAAAAAAABjI/ia0z-bFvyq8/s320/Jozef_Pilsudski%255B1%255D.jpg" width="221" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;Piłsudski&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dFY1kVEf2gw/TtIUEqVfVjI/AAAAAAAABjQ/yZale6ST5to/s1600/pilsudski+1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hda="true" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dFY1kVEf2gw/TtIUEqVfVjI/AAAAAAAABjQ/yZale6ST5to/s320/pilsudski+1920.jpg" width="236" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;Poloniar kapitalistak, frantziar inperialisten morroi&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GMSz8FhWRbk/TtIUm2Qev-I/AAAAAAAABjY/ftdN9Np9cBc/s1600/236040_red_army_cavalry_1920%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GMSz8FhWRbk/TtIUm2Qev-I/AAAAAAAABjY/ftdN9Np9cBc/s1600/236040_red_army_cavalry_1920%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: black; font-size: small;"&gt;Red Army&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: x-small;"&gt;Wojna polsko-sowiecka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-4408300195651273253?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4408300195651273253'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4408300195651273253'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/11/polish-soviet-war.html' title='The Polish-Soviet War'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6la_O39oswM/TtINxzml-0I/AAAAAAAABjA/OkmRxC8xS8c/s72-c/trotsky+guerra+polonia.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-4641951817492135914</id><published>2011-11-26T12:18:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-26T13:28:48.193-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Lenin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Estatua eta Iraultza'/><title type='text'>'Estatua eta Iraultza' (Lenin) 5. kapitulua, 1. puntua</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Y2VXKyALBb8/TtFY6FXeD8I/AAAAAAAABi4/tcEePxAaX7U/s1600/Managua_1986_horst_marx%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hda="true" height="271" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Y2VXKyALBb8/TtFY6FXeD8I/AAAAAAAABi4/tcEePxAaX7U/s400/Managua_1986_horst_marx%255B1%255D.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;"Trabajo, disciplina, organizacion, defensa de la revolucion"&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;V. KAPITULUA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-large;"&gt;Estatuaren iraungipenaren oinarri ekonomikoak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Auzi honen azalpenik zehatzena Marxek ematen digu bere &lt;em&gt;Gotha-ko&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Programaren Kritika&lt;/em&gt;n (Brackeri idatziriko gutuna, 1875eko&lt;br /&gt;maiatzaren 5ean. Ez zen argitaratua izan 1891ko &lt;em&gt;Neue Zeit&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;aldizkarirarte, IX, 1, eta errusieraz foileto batean agertu zen).&lt;br /&gt;Idazlan bikain honen zati polemikoak, lassalleanismoaren kritikari&lt;br /&gt;buruzkoak, itzalpean utzi du, horrela esatearren, bere&lt;br /&gt;zati positiboa, hots: komunismoaren garapenaren eta Estatuaren&lt;br /&gt;iraungipenaren artean dagoen loturaren azterketa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;1.- MARXEN AUZIA PLANTEATZEKO MODUA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Marxek [Wilhelm] Bracke-ri 1875eko maiatzaren 5ean idatziriko gutuna,&lt;br /&gt;aurrerago aztertu dugun Engelsek Bebeli 1875eko martxoaren&lt;br /&gt;28an idatzitakoarekin nahikoa alderatzen bada, Marx Engels&lt;br /&gt;baino askoz “Estatuaren aldekoagoa” dela eta Estatuari dagokionean&lt;br /&gt;bi idazleen kontzepzioen artean ezberdintasun nahiko&lt;br /&gt;aipagarria dagoela eman lezake.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Engelsek Bebeli Estatuari buruzko hitzontzikeria guztia&lt;br /&gt;alde batera baztertzeko eta programatik Estatua hitza erabat&lt;br /&gt;ezabatzeko aholkatzen dio, hau “komunitate” hitzagatik ordezkatzeko.&lt;br /&gt;Engels, Komuna ez zela jada hitzaren zentzu hertsian&lt;br /&gt;Estatu bat adieraztera ere iristen da. Aldiz, Marxek “gizarte&lt;br /&gt;komunistako etorkizuneko Estatuaz” ere hitz egiten du,&lt;br /&gt;hau da, ematen duenez, Estatuaren beharra onartzen du baita&lt;br /&gt;komunismoan ere.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baina halako irizpide bat benetan okerra litzateke. Arreta&lt;br /&gt;gehiagoz aztertuz, Marxen eta Engelsen Estatuari eta bere&lt;br /&gt;iraungipenari buruzko kontzepzioak guztiz bat datozela ikusten&lt;br /&gt;dugu eta Marxek aipaturiko hitzak hain zuzen ere iraungitzen&lt;br /&gt;ari den Estatuaren ingurukoak direla.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Begi bistakoa da ezin dela &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;etorkizuneko&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; “iraungipenaren”&lt;br /&gt;momentua determintzatzeaz ere hitz egin, are gehiago,&lt;br /&gt;ziurtasun osoz, prozesu luze batetaz ari garela jakinik. Marxen&lt;br /&gt;eta Engelsen arteko itxurazko ezberdintasuna, jorratzen&lt;br /&gt;zituzten gaien eta lortu nahi zituzten helburuen ezberdintasunagatik&lt;br /&gt;azaltzen da. Engelsek Bebeli, modu ageri eta zorrotz&lt;br /&gt;batean, azaletik, Estatuaren inguruan modan zeuden aurriritzien&lt;br /&gt;(neurri handian Lassallek partekatzen zituenak) absurdotasun&lt;br /&gt;guztia erakusteko eginkizuna planteatu zuen. Marxek&lt;br /&gt;auzi &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;hau&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, soilik gainetik ukitzen du beste gai batez interesatuz:&lt;br /&gt;gizarte komunistaren &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;garapena&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Marxen teoria guztia, kapitalismo modernoari garapenaren&lt;br /&gt;teoria —bere forma kontsekuentenean, osatuenean, hausnartuenean&lt;br /&gt;eta eduki aberatsenetan— aplikatzean datza.&lt;br /&gt;Normala zen, beraz, Marxi teoria hau kapitalismoaren porrot&lt;br /&gt;hurbilari eta &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;etorkizuneko&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; komunismoaren &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;etorkizuneko&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; garapenari&lt;br /&gt;aplikatzeko arazoa mahaigaineratu izana.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Honela baina, zein datutan oinarrituz plantea daiteke&lt;br /&gt;etorkizuneko komunismoaren etorkizuneko garapenaren auzia?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oinarritzat komunismoa kapitalismotik datorrela, historikoki&lt;br /&gt;kapitalismotik garatzen dela, kapitalismoak &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;sorturiko&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; indar&lt;br /&gt;sozial baten ekintzaren ondorio dela hartuz. Marxengan ez dugu&lt;br /&gt;ikusten utopiak fabrikatzeko, ezagutzea ezinezkoa den gauzei&lt;br /&gt;buruzko alferrikako usteak egiteko, saiakera txikienik ere. Marxek&lt;br /&gt;komunismoaren auzia naturalista batek, esate baterako, espezie&lt;br /&gt;biologiko berri baten garapena planteatuko lukeen moduan&lt;br /&gt;planteatzen du, jakinik halakotik eta halako moduan sortu dela&lt;br /&gt;eta halakoan eta halako norabide zehatzean eraldatzen dela.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Marxek, beste ezer baino lehen, Estatuaren eta gizartearen&lt;br /&gt;korrelazioen arazoan Gotha Programak zabaltzen duen&lt;br /&gt;nahasmena baztertzen du.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;“…Egungo gizartea —idazten du Marxek— gizarte kapitalista&lt;br /&gt;da, herrialde zibilizatu guztietan existitzen dena, gutxi&lt;br /&gt;gorabehera Erdi Aroko eranskinez askea, gutxi gorabehera herrialde&lt;br /&gt;bakoitzeko garapen historikoaren berezitasunek aldatua,&lt;br /&gt;gutxi gorabehera garatua. Aldiz, ‘egungo Estatua’ aldatu&lt;br /&gt;egiten da herrialde bakoitzeko mugekin. Inperio prusiar-alemaniarrean&lt;br /&gt;Suitzakoaz bestelakoa da; Ingalaterran, Estatu Batuetakoaz&lt;br /&gt;bestelakoa da. 'Egungo Estatua', beraz, fikzio bat da.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hala ere, herrialde zibilizatu bakoitzeko Estatu ezberdinek,&lt;br /&gt;beren formen aniztasun pikardatuaz gain, denek amankomunean&lt;br /&gt;dute gizarte burges modernoaren oinarrietan finkatzen&lt;br /&gt;direla, nahiz eta, zentzu kapitalistan, toki batzuetan beste&lt;br /&gt;batzuetan baino garatuago egon. Zentzu honetan “egungo&lt;br /&gt;Estatuaz” hitz egin daiteke, etorkizunekoari kontrajarririk, bertan&lt;br /&gt;egungo erroa, gizarte burgesa, iraungia izango baita.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Orduan galde egin daiteke: zein eraldaketa jasango du&lt;br /&gt;Estatuak gizarte komunistan? Edo, beste hitz batzuetan,&lt;br /&gt;egungo estatu funtzioen antzeko izango diren zein funtzio sozialek&lt;br /&gt;iraungo dute orduan? Galdera hau zientifikoki bakarrik&lt;br /&gt;erantzun daiteke, eta ‘herri’ hitza eta ‘Estatu’ hitza mila eratara&lt;br /&gt;egokitzen baditugu ere, ez gara urrats txikienik ere gerturatuko&lt;br /&gt;arazoaren konponbiderantz…”.&lt;/blockquote&gt;“Herri Estatuaren” inguruko hitzontzikeria guztia, ikusten&lt;br /&gt;dugun moduan, barregarri utziz, Marxek arazoaren planteamendu&lt;br /&gt;bat eskaintzen du eta, neurri batean, ohartarazten&lt;br /&gt;gaitu modu zientifiko batean ebazteko irmoki finkaturiko datu&lt;br /&gt;zientifikoekin bakarrik lan egin daitekeela.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Garapenaren teoriak eta orokorrean zientzia guztiak&lt;br /&gt;erabateko zehaztasunez ezarri duten lehenengo gauza —eta&lt;br /&gt;utopistek ahaztu zutena eta gaur egungo oportunistek, iraultzaren&lt;br /&gt;beldur izaki, ahaztu dutena— historikoki, dudarik gabe, kapitalismotik&lt;br /&gt;komunismorako &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;trantsizio&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; fase edo etapa berezi&lt;br /&gt;bat egon behar duen baldintza da.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;—&lt;strong&gt;Lenin&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-4641951817492135914?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4641951817492135914'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4641951817492135914'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/11/estatua-eta-iraultza-lenin-5-kapitulua.html' title='&apos;Estatua eta Iraultza&apos; (Lenin) 5. kapitulua, 1. puntua'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Y2VXKyALBb8/TtFY6FXeD8I/AAAAAAAABi4/tcEePxAaX7U/s72-c/Managua_1986_horst_marx%255B1%255D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-4211866824974099822</id><published>2011-11-23T11:56:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-25T03:28:26.657-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Trotskistak'/><title type='text'>Un programa revolucionario para Chile (Cuadernos Marxistas)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jxb803sv6cc/Ts1SAKOvhLI/AAAAAAAABig/Ex6N_Xvpgks/s1600/zurdos+chile+mapu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jxb803sv6cc/Ts1SAKOvhLI/AAAAAAAABig/Ex6N_Xvpgks/s1600/zurdos+chile+mapu.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;El lider bolchevique Trotsky, organizador del Ejercito Rojo de Obreros y Campesinos,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;se dirige a las heroicas tropas internacionalistas&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-large;"&gt;Un programa revolucionario para Chile &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"La crisis histórica de la humanidad se reduce a la crisis de la dirección revolucionaria." Estas palabras del programa de la Cuarta Internacional, escritas por Trotsky hace casi 35 años, han sido completamente confirmadas en Chile hoy. Las condiciones objetivas para una revolución socialista han existido durante décadas. Por medio de ocupaciones de tierras y de fábricas, movilizaciones de masas contra las fuerzas contrarrevolucionarias, aún en las olas iniciales de entusiasmo con que fueron acogidas las promesas de Allende, los obreros han mostrado repetidamente su deseo por un gobierno propio, por su propia dirección de clase. Pero los líderes tradicionales del movimiento obrero se esfuerzan por encima de todo en atar a las masas a su enemigo de clase. Lo que se necesita es una dirección bolchevique, un partido de vanguardia proletario. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El logro de este lema plantearía a quemarropa una elección perentoria: la dictadura del proletariado o la contrarrevolución burguesa —guerra de clases abierta. Un arma poderosa para romper el yugo de los traidores de clase es la demanda que los partidos obreros deben "ROMPER CON LA BURGUESÍA Y SUS PARTIDOS — FORMAR UN GOBIERNO OBRERO Y CAMPESINO BASADO EN UN PROGRAMA REVOLUCIONARIO". Este eslogan pone en evidencia la negativa de los reformistas a romper con el enemigo de clase. Sin expresar ninguna confianza en el deseo de los reformistas de tomar el poder y gobernar en su propio nombre, los bolcheviques deben al mismo tiempo continuar su propia agitación a favor de demandas de transición que constituyen un programa revolucionario para un gobierno obrero. Si se formase un tal gobierno, sería sólo un episodio breve en el camino hacia la dictadura del proletariado; el paso siguiente sería la guerra de clases abierta. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En Chile hoy, como el resultado de más de un siglo de desarrollo capitalista, la clase dirigente en el campo es una burguesía agraria; aparte de las comunidades indígenas hay pocas restricciones feudales en la propiedad de la tierra. El campesinado se caracteriza por un pequeño sector de campesinos medios (19 por ciento de la población agraria), comparado con los campesinos pobres (32 por ciento), los semi-proletarios (inquilinos)(26 por ciento) y el proletariado agrícola (14 por ciento). Por eso la dirección básica en el campo debe ser hacia la organización de los campesinos pobres, los semiproletarios y el proletariado rural en alianza con la clase obrera urbana. El lema principal debe ser por la "EXPROPIACIÓN INMEDIATA DE LA BURGUESÍA AGRARIA, SIN COMPENSACIÓN". La forma inmediata de explotación de las haciendas expropiadas seria decidida por comités de campesinos pobres y obreros agrícolas, aunque probablemente comprendería cierto grado de producción colectiva. (La mayoría de los asentamientos de la reforma agraria son cultivados colectivamente, asi como las haciendas tomadas.) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Un importante punto en discusión en Chile hoy es la actitud hacia la pequeña burguesía. Frente a los esfuerzos de la burguesía para atraerse a la clase media a través de su respeto por la propiedad privada, Allende sólo sabe capitular. Como marxistas, nosotros buscamos ganar a los sectores más bajos y más explotados de la pequeña burguesía por medio de un audaz programa de expropiaciones, planteando la dictadura del proletariado como la garantía de una sociedad estable y democrática, en contra de la anarquía burocrática desenfrenada en Chile hoy. Buscamos el neutralizar a otros sectores de la pequeña burguesía, incluyendo a los campesinos medios, con garantías contra la colectivización forzada y por medio de crédito, barato y un mercado cooperativo. Sin embargo, hacia la burguesía en sí, sólo una actitud es posible: "EXPROPIACIÓN TOTAL DE LA BURGUESÍA, COMENZANDO CON LOS SECTORES CLAVES, NINGUNA COMPENSACIÓN."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pero la clave de un programa revolucionario en Chile es la cuestión del poder estatal —la dictadura del proletariado. Por lo tanto requerimos la creación de "MILICIAS OBRERAS ARMADAS BASADAS EN LOS SINDICATOS". Inicialmente dirigidas contra las bandas fascistas, estos serán los instrumentos decisivos para dividir el ejército y derrumbar el estado burgués. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para movilizar a la clase obrera en su totalidad, y a sus aliados entre los otros sectores explotados de la población, reclamamos la creación de soviets de delegados obreros y campesinos pobres. Como instrumentos para organizar la conquista del poder, se transformarán en la semilla de la dictadura del proletariado. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El camino a la victoria será arduo. La ausencia de un partido revolucionario de vanguardia es hoy el problema fundamental que afrontan los obreros chilenos. Esta vanguardia debe ser forjada a través de una lucha acerba por un programa de clase, contra el frente popular y los reformistas de la UP que están haciendo lo imposible por estrangular la revolución. Como Trotsky escribió sobre España: "PARA TENER ÉXITO EN TODAS ESTAS TAREAS, TRES CONDICIONES SON NECESARIAS: UN PARTIDO; OTRA VEZ UN PARTIDO; Y DE NUEVO, UN PARTIDO." •&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;—&lt;a href="http://ddd.uab.cat/pub/ppc/cuamarxSL/cuamarxSL_a1974n3.pdf"&gt;Cuadernos Marxistas, nº3&lt;/a&gt;, 1972ko abendua.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.icl-fi.org/otherlit/pamphlets/index.html"&gt;http://www.icl-fi.org/otherlit/pamphlets/index.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-4211866824974099822?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4211866824974099822'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4211866824974099822'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/11/un-programa-revolucionario-para-chile.html' title='Un programa revolucionario para Chile (Cuadernos Marxistas)'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jxb803sv6cc/Ts1SAKOvhLI/AAAAAAAABig/Ex6N_Xvpgks/s72-c/zurdos+chile+mapu.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-5161706825065021089</id><published>2011-11-23T10:46:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-23T13:34:02.626-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Bagenekien</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n_gu-5UCvWw/Ts1CALl7IJI/AAAAAAAABiY/RBgzBL-TFQc/s1600/opus+dei.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hda="true" height="232" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n_gu-5UCvWw/Ts1CALl7IJI/AAAAAAAABiY/RBgzBL-TFQc/s320/opus+dei.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;“El proyecto de Amaiur ni es marxista, ni es totalitario, ni va en contra de las libertades &lt;/em&gt;[burguesas]&lt;em&gt;, sino todo lo contrario. Es un proyecto político que consideramos que es fundamental para este pais, en el futuro. Y que camina por caminos muy diferentes a lo que se dice.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Está más en las coordenadas, que le señalaba yo, de lo que es la socialdemocracia de&lt;/em&gt; [la capitalista]&lt;em&gt;Eusko Alkartasuna”&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;—Su Señoria Rafa Larreina, opusiano del frente popular&amp;nbsp;Amaiur. &lt;em&gt;ABC&lt;/em&gt;, 2011ko azaroak 22&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-5161706825065021089?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5161706825065021089'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5161706825065021089'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/11/ya-lo-sabiamos.html' title='Bagenekien'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n_gu-5UCvWw/Ts1CALl7IJI/AAAAAAAABiY/RBgzBL-TFQc/s72-c/opus+dei.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-7025595573498963050</id><published>2011-11-21T15:20:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-21T15:32:29.283-08:00</updated><title type='text'>"Ez da oztoporik askatasunaren armak eramaten dituztenak geldi ditzakeenik"</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wySDjv6HUts/Tsrcb7WyDBI/AAAAAAAABiA/SbaZM_8WhHM/s1600/portrait-of-toussaint-louverture-giradin-1913%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wySDjv6HUts/Tsrcb7WyDBI/AAAAAAAABiA/SbaZM_8WhHM/s1600/portrait-of-toussaint-louverture-giradin-1913%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;"No hay obstaculo capaz de detener a quienes portan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;las armas de la libertad" &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;—&lt;strong&gt;Toussaint L'Ouverture,&lt;/strong&gt; esclavo revolucionario&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OOMSGIkAuso/TsreAQF7yqI/AAAAAAAABiQ/omONi9IOWsw/s1600/Louverture_signature%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hda="true" height="96" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OOMSGIkAuso/TsreAQF7yqI/AAAAAAAABiQ/omONi9IOWsw/s320/Louverture_signature%255B1%255D.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-7025595573498963050?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/7025595573498963050'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/7025595573498963050'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/11/no-hay-obstaculo.html' title='&quot;Ez da oztoporik askatasunaren armak eramaten dituztenak geldi ditzakeenik&quot;'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wySDjv6HUts/Tsrcb7WyDBI/AAAAAAAABiA/SbaZM_8WhHM/s72-c/portrait-of-toussaint-louverture-giradin-1913%255B1%255D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-5819928892549726957</id><published>2011-11-19T07:00:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-19T07:05:20.580-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Lenin'/><title type='text'>Alderdi leninista herriaren tribunoa da</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KBH9rJYW3kY/TsfEeyvlviI/AAAAAAAABh4/TQKf544AINo/s1600/lenin+trotsky+revolution.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hda="true" height="238" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KBH9rJYW3kY/TsfEeyvlviI/AAAAAAAABh4/TQKf544AINo/s320/lenin+trotsky+revolution.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;“Sozialdemokrataren [komunistaren] ideala ez da sindikatu baten idazkari izatea, baizik-eta &lt;em&gt;herriaren tribunoa&lt;/em&gt;, bidegabekeria eta zapalkuntza seinale ororen aurrean erantzuten dakiena, edonon agertzen delarik eta edozein sektorek edo klase sozialak jasaten duelarik; polizia-basakeri eta esplotazio kapitalistaren adierazpen guztiak koadro bakar batean sintetizatzen dakiena; gertakaririk txikiena profitatzen dakiena &lt;em&gt;denen&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;aurrean&lt;/em&gt; bere uste sozialistak eta bere aldarrikapen demokratikoak aldarrikatzeko, bakoitzari eta &lt;em&gt;denei&lt;/em&gt; azal diezaion proletalgoaren borroka askatzailearen garrantzi historiko unibertsala”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;—&lt;strong&gt;Lenin&lt;/strong&gt;: ‘&lt;em&gt;Zer egin?&lt;/em&gt;’ (1902)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-5819928892549726957?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5819928892549726957'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/5819928892549726957'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/11/alderdi-leninista-herriaren-tribunoa-da.html' title='Alderdi leninista herriaren tribunoa da'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KBH9rJYW3kY/TsfEeyvlviI/AAAAAAAABh4/TQKf544AINo/s72-c/lenin+trotsky+revolution.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-8719420304908733192</id><published>2011-11-18T14:32:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-18T14:33:34.797-08:00</updated><title type='text'>"Behera erregimena"</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KbSvaKTm8AQ/TsbczLHGxRI/AAAAAAAABhw/H_xvEn3uwdk/s1600/abajo+el+regimen+espa%25C3%25B1ol.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" hda="true" height="266" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KbSvaKTm8AQ/TsbczLHGxRI/AAAAAAAABhw/H_xvEn3uwdk/s400/abajo+el+regimen+espa%25C3%25B1ol.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Madril, 2011ko azaroak 17: "Behera erregimena"&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-8719420304908733192?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8719420304908733192'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8719420304908733192'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/11/behera-erregimena.html' title='&quot;Behera erregimena&quot;'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KbSvaKTm8AQ/TsbczLHGxRI/AAAAAAAABhw/H_xvEn3uwdk/s72-c/abajo+el+regimen+espa%25C3%25B1ol.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-8325630493644570480</id><published>2011-11-15T11:30:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-15T11:40:48.294-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Gusano Ratzinger: ¡Fuera de Cuba!</title><content type='html'>La burocracia del estado obrero deformado mina la Revolución por sus coqueteos con la medieval y reaccionaria teocracia vaticana. Es un millon de veces mas peligroso el brujo de Roma que las dama$ de blanco.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R3khs1p4zTg/TsK_DYKb2SI/AAAAAAAABho/VwSFdNUL-P8/s1600/spart30%255B2%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" nda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R3khs1p4zTg/TsK_DYKb2SI/AAAAAAAABho/VwSFdNUL-P8/s1600/spart30%255B2%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;"A Workers Poland yes! The Pope's Poland no!"&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-8325630493644570480?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8325630493644570480'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8325630493644570480'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/11/gusano-ratzinger-fuera-de-cuba.html' title='Gusano Ratzinger: ¡Fuera de Cuba!'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-R3khs1p4zTg/TsK_DYKb2SI/AAAAAAAABho/VwSFdNUL-P8/s72-c/spart30%255B2%255D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-8349280176649338393</id><published>2011-11-14T08:12:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-17T10:14:44.319-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Sabino Cuadra: "Amaiur quiere ser el Frente Popular del siglo XXI"</title><content type='html'>&lt;em&gt;"Queremos llevarnos bien con el Estado"&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;--&lt;/em&gt;Iñaki Antiguedad (Amaiur. El Correo-rekin elkarrizketa, 2011.aza.14)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;"La razón de ser de Amaiur es la suma de fuerzas de izquierda, progresistas, abertzales y demócratas, &lt;strong&gt;Amaiur quiere ser el Frente Popular del siglo XXI&lt;/strong&gt;, una nueva unión para llevar hasta último término todas las ansias de libertad y justicia que fueron truncadas en Navarra por el alzamiento fascista"&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;--Sabino Cuadra (candidato de Amaiur, ex miembro de LKI, afiliada al 'Secretariado Unificado' de Ernest Mandel), 2011ko azaroan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;"Al adormecer a los obreros y campesinos con ilusiones parlamentarias, al paralizar su voluntad de lucha, el Frente Popular genera las condiciones favorables para el triunfo del fascismo. El proletariado pagará la política de coalición con la burguesía con años de tormentos y sacrificios, si no con décadas de terror fascista”&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;--&lt;strong&gt;Trotsky&lt;/strong&gt; (“El nuevo ascenso revolucionario y las tareas de la Cuarta Internacional”, 1936ko ekainean)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iBszD_In2Ho/TsE9LezxYeI/AAAAAAAABhA/bFeMnfNYsoE/s1600/azanyayfranco%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="313" nda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iBszD_In2Ho/TsE9LezxYeI/AAAAAAAABhA/bFeMnfNYsoE/s400/azanyayfranco%255B1%255D.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Azaña eta Franco (XX. mendeko fronte popularra)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-X_dGnAYfhyc/TsE9kSsrlrI/AAAAAAAABhI/PZ_mAli4C5Q/s1600/resizer%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="266" nda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-X_dGnAYfhyc/TsE9kSsrlrI/AAAAAAAABhI/PZ_mAli4C5Q/s400/resizer%255B1%255D.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Rodolfo Ares, Martin Garitano, Lopez Caudillitoa eta don Juan Carlos I (XXI. mendeko fronte popularra)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-luKJuppYmB4/TsE-qGXVqzI/AAAAAAAABhQ/TpgdECOp3Qk/s1600/imagesCA0IYO1N.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="293" nda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-luKJuppYmB4/TsE-qGXVqzI/AAAAAAAABhQ/TpgdECOp3Qk/s400/imagesCA0IYO1N.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Rafa Larreina (Opus Dei / Amaiur) eta Sabino Cuadra (Ernest Mandel-en jarraitzaile ohia / Amaiur)&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-8349280176649338393?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8349280176649338393'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8349280176649338393'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/11/scuadra-amaiur-quiere-ser-el-frente.html' title='Sabino Cuadra: &quot;Amaiur quiere ser el Frente Popular del siglo XXI&quot;'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iBszD_In2Ho/TsE9LezxYeI/AAAAAAAABhA/bFeMnfNYsoE/s72-c/azanyayfranco%255B1%255D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-8656177706361991898</id><published>2011-11-13T03:22:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-13T10:29:27.614-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Carod-Rovira, el chico de la OTAN, en Anoeta con Amaiur</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Kgzu6fZGDgc/Tr-m6B_xmhI/AAAAAAAABfg/NNNxyKANaV8/s1600/carod_en_anoeta%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" nda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Kgzu6fZGDgc/Tr-m6B_xmhI/AAAAAAAABfg/NNNxyKANaV8/s1600/carod_en_anoeta%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Carod-Rovira Anoetako mitinean&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;El exdirigente de ERC &lt;strong&gt;Carod-Rovira&lt;/strong&gt; estuvo ayer en el mitin de Amaiur en el belodromo de Anoeta (Donostia) calentando silla plegable, que a falta de poltrona tambien vale por un par de horas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Carod-Rovira, recordémoslo, era miembro de Esquerra Republicana cuando ese partido burgués catalán dio su &lt;strong&gt;apoyo en el Congreso hispano&amp;nbsp;a la violenta&amp;nbsp;agresion imperialista contra Libia&lt;/strong&gt;, con sus correspondientes masacres y pérdida de cotas de&amp;nbsp;independencia del pais norteafricano.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sin duda que el violento atlantista Carod-Rovira se tuvo que sentir comodo entre los Patxi Zabaleta, su señoria Iñaki&amp;nbsp;Antiguedad, el opusiano Larreina, y algun futuro aspirante a&amp;nbsp;consejero de interior de Vascongadas. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Horiek dira frontepopulismoaren fruitu mikatzak.&lt;br /&gt;Azaroak 20, ABSTENTZIOA!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pHtQUIrYV0k/Tr-oDPIXxPI/AAAAAAAABfo/wXfd9Ccd32g/s1600/ScreenHunter_16-Aug.-13-22.02%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" nda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pHtQUIrYV0k/Tr-oDPIXxPI/AAAAAAAABfo/wXfd9Ccd32g/s1600/ScreenHunter_16-Aug.-13-22.02%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;NATOk eraildako gizakiak Libian. ERC-k bere sustengua eman zion eraso inperialistari&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Bn5o4H43fyE/Tr-rKgG112I/AAAAAAAABfw/DihuycDJNlE/s1600/otan_france_libye%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" nda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Bn5o4H43fyE/Tr-rKgG112I/AAAAAAAABfw/DihuycDJNlE/s320/otan_france_libye%255B1%255D.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;"Fuego a la OTAN", pintada en Euskal Herria&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-8656177706361991898?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8656177706361991898'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/8656177706361991898'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/11/carod-rovira-el-chico-de-la-otan-en.html' title='Carod-Rovira, el chico de la OTAN, en Anoeta con Amaiur'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Kgzu6fZGDgc/Tr-m6B_xmhI/AAAAAAAABfg/NNNxyKANaV8/s72-c/carod_en_anoeta%255B1%255D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-6410939444983682989</id><published>2011-11-12T11:12:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-15T10:24:23.690-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Corea del Sur: Estado policial (tambien) en Internet</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Fs1QlxVGFuk/Tr7ELZITIJI/AAAAAAAABeQ/SPlOuXjH8NE/s1600/4583685%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="257" nda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Fs1QlxVGFuk/Tr7ELZITIJI/AAAAAAAABeQ/SPlOuXjH8NE/s400/4583685%255B1%255D.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Niñas y niños&amp;nbsp;norcoreanos con ordenadores en aula&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La burguesía surcoreana&amp;nbsp;refuerza la censura contra las páginas web norcoreanas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El régimen capitalista&amp;nbsp;de Corea del Sur anunció hoy una enérgica campaña en todo el país para acabar con la propaganda norcoreana en internet, mediante la creación de un organismo policial y de espionaje&amp;nbsp;encargado de erradicar los sitios web favorables a la Republica Popular Democratica de Korea.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La Fiscalía, la Policía y las autoridades de control de medios audiovisuales de Corea del Sur integrarán este organismo conjunto de investigación, dirigido a poner fin a las actividades cibernéticas favorables a Pyongyang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Cada año se multiplican las páginas pro norcoreanas abiertas y operadas por Corea del Norte en el extranjero", aseguró a Yonhap un funcionario de la Fiscalía, que justificó la iniciativa al señalar que esas páginas son utilizadas por Korea del Norte para difundir sus ideas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La Fiscalía, la Policía y los supervisores audiovisuales celebrarán al menos una sesión de debate cada mes orientada a clausurar este tipo de portales, y también a bloquear publicaciones y mensajes contra la tirania burguesa de Corea del Sur.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La medida se ampara en la represiva&amp;nbsp;Ley surcoreana de Seguridad Nacional, que prohíbe la difusión de informaciones elaboradas por medios norcoreanos o que ensalcen al estado obrero deformado norcoreano, que Seúl considera como enemigo.&lt;br /&gt;Corea del Sur, país puntero en penetración y calidad de internet, ha sido criticado por diversas organizaciones, desde la criminal ONU hasta la sospechosa Reporteros Sin Fronteras (RSF), por supervisar estrictamente los contenidos en la red, sobre todo desde que el partido conservador liderado por Lee Myung-bak tomó el poder en febrero de 2008.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El agravamiento en 2010 de la tensión en las relaciones intercoreanas se reflejó en la eliminación de 80.449 comentarios en internet por supuesta apología a Korea del Norte, 45 veces más que en todo 2009 y 2008, según un informe de la Policía surcoreana.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Los datos policiales revelan que en lo que va de 2011 se han detectado 23.608 comentarios de este tipo, además de 127 páginas web favorables a Corea del Norte.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;¡VIVA LA REVOLUCION KOREANA!&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;GORA KOREAR IRAULTZA!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;em&gt;¡ABAJO EL ESTADO POLICIAL SURCOREANO!&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;BEHERA HEGO KOREAR ESTATU POLIZIALA!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;em&gt;¡ABAJO EL BLOQUEO IMPERIALISTA!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;HAUTSI BLOKEO INPERIALISTA!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;La libertad que gozan los obreros surcoreanos, en imagenes:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/F025_4hRLlU" width="560"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-6410939444983682989?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/6410939444983682989'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/6410939444983682989'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/11/corea-del-sur-estado-policial-tambien.html' title='Corea del Sur: Estado policial (tambien) en Internet'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Fs1QlxVGFuk/Tr7ELZITIJI/AAAAAAAABeQ/SPlOuXjH8NE/s72-c/4583685%255B1%255D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-2308933457717011526</id><published>2011-11-12T05:46:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-12T07:50:52.704-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Trotskistak'/><title type='text'>Comunistas sobre Irlanda del Norte</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fu2wgIbXS88/Tr55l2rP11I/AAAAAAAABdY/xwQTo11Rj5c/s1600/2544502-3x2-940x627%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="266" nda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fu2wgIbXS88/Tr55l2rP11I/AAAAAAAABdY/xwQTo11Rj5c/s400/2544502-3x2-940x627%255B1%255D.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Martin McGuinness (el colaboracionista, del Sinn Féin), Ian Paisley (terrorista lealista) y Tony Blair (el carnicero de Iraq)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;¡Tropas británicas, fuera de Irlanda del Norte!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-large;"&gt;El callejón sin salida del nacionalismo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Hoy en día, la desilusión de los nacionalistas irlandeses con la disolución del IRA&amp;nbsp;en pro de compartir el poder en Stormont va en aumento. &lt;em&gt;The Sunday Times&lt;/em&gt; cita a Richard O'Rawe, un ex miembro del IRA encarcelado con Bobby Sands (que murió en huelga de hambre en 1981) que dice que "&lt;em&gt;él no hubiese militado en el IRA&lt;/em&gt;" si le hubiesen dicho que compartir el poder con los unionistas sería el resultado. “&lt;em&gt;¿Quién, en su sano juicio, pasaría un minuto en la cárcel por esto?&lt;/em&gt;"&amp;nbsp;Preguntó O'Rawe&amp;nbsp;deliberadamente (&lt;em&gt;Sunday Times&lt;/em&gt;, 15 de marzo). Tal desencanto ha llevado a algunos nacionalistas de línea dura a buscar una solución al tratar de volver a encender la campaña militar que el IRA abandonó. Antes de los recientes tiroteos, una bomba de 300 libras producida por disidentes del IRA, supuestamente destinada a otra base del Ejército británico fue topada en enero en Castlewellan, condado de Down.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Los movimientos nacionalistas irlandeses siempre han combinado, en palabras del IRA, "el fusil y las urnas", ejerciendo la lucha armada junto con maniobras diplomáticas y llamados a las pretensiones “democraticas” de los imperialistas como táctica de presión.&amp;nbsp; En el paisaje polìtico alterado como resultado de la caída de la Unión Soviética, que había actuado como contrapeso a las potencias imperialistas, la formaciones nacionalistas pequeño-burguesas ya no tienen los medios diplomáticos, militares y financieros que una vez tuvieron y han tenido que aceptar "soluciones negociadas":&amp;nbsp; Los Acuerdos de Oslo, en el caso de la Organización de Liberación de Palestina, el Acuerdo de Viernes Santo en el caso de la IRA.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ct-cCaPAT3g/Tr6INZGsTzI/AAAAAAAABdo/EjhaWLcXzoI/s1600/ian%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" nda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ct-cCaPAT3g/Tr6INZGsTzI/AAAAAAAABdo/EjhaWLcXzoI/s1600/ian%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Cuando Martin McGuinness, del Sinn Féin, exdirigente del IRA que ahora es viceministro primero de Stormont, se posicionó hombro con hombro con la Orden [de Orange] y condenó a los republicanos disidentes como "traidores a la isla de Irlanda", fue acertadamente descrito como "el momento Michael Collins" de McGuinness. Collins lideró la lucha militar contra los británicos y firmó el Tratado con Gran Bretaña, que llevó a la partición de Irlanda. Al hacerse cargo de la administración de una Irlanda capitalista independiente en 1922, Collins reprimió sin piedad a los disidentes del IRA de la época, ejecutando a muchos de los que continuaron la lucha en contra del Tratado y el nuevo "Estado Libre" irlandés. De Collins a McGuinness y hasta los disidentes del IRA de hoy, el nacionalismo irlandés ha demostrado ser, inevitablemente, un callejón sin salida para los oprimidos, cuyos intereses dicen representar.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;La partición de Irlanda por el imperialismo británico creó el pequeño estado de Irlanda del Norte como un movimiento reaccionario en contra de la consolidación de un Estado burgués nacional irlandés que abarcase toda la isla. Desde entonces, la mayoría protestante domina sobre la minoría católica irlandesa. Sin embargo, el programa nacionalista irlandés —sostenido hoy por el Sinn Fein y los disidentes, y anteriormente por las fuerzas “anti-Tratado” que luego formarían el partido Fianna Fail— insta a la reunificación, necesariamente por la fuerza en el caso de los protestantes, de los seis condados de Irlanda del Norte con el estado burgués clerical católico irlandés del sur. Si se logra, esto sería simplemente un cambio de las condiciones de opresión, lo cual conduce a masacres sectarias y traslados forzados de población.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xPp1Wi8zGtE/Tr58c0_PlHI/AAAAAAAABdg/k-paXQC6TaQ/s1600/ireland_pows%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="266" nda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-xPp1Wi8zGtE/Tr58c0_PlHI/AAAAAAAABdg/k-paXQC6TaQ/s400/ireland_pows%255B1%255D.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;"10 men died for what? Restore political status"&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"&gt;Todo nacionalismo tiene una lógica genocida, que es particularmente pronunciada cuando dos pueblos diferentes se interpenetran en el mismo territorio, como es el caso de Irlanda del Norte. En tales situaciones, no existe una solución democrática, bajo el capitalismo, al derecho democrático a la autodeterminación nacional. Mientras nos oponemos a todas las formas de opresión nacional sobre la minoría católica, reconocemos que las demandas en conflicto sólo pueden ser resueltas de manera equitativa en el marco político de un gobierno de clase proletaria, en el que el impulso capitalista para dividir y gobernar a la clase obrera por interés de ganancia haya sido eliminado.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;Siempre hemos pedido la retirada inmediata e incondicional de las tropas británicas y nos hemos opuesto a los acuerdos de “paz” imperialista. &lt;br /&gt;En 1993 declaramos: "Cualquier ‘acuerdo’ imperialista será sangriento y brutal, y se hará &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;necesariamente a costa de la minoría católica oprimida&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Y no traería nada bueno para la clase obrera protestante”.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Nuestro artículo decía:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;"La suposición fundamental, explícita o implícita, en todas las propuestas de "paz" de las que se viene hablando es que el ejército británico, con su política de tirar a matar, se mantendrá vigilando el orden capitalista, respaldado por los sanguinarios matones lealistas. Los imperialistas británicos emplearon el divide et impera en colonias como India y Palestina, y una vez que tuvieron que marcharse de esos lugares trataron de destruirlos avivando el sectarismo. Hoy en día adoptan el pretexto racista y arrogante de que solo están tratando de contener a los diversos "incivilizados irlandeses” del bàrbaro ojo por ojo. Todos las iniciativas de John Hume (el entonces lider del católico SDLP), incluidas las conversaciones y propuestas con el lider del Sinn Féin Gerry Adams, se basan en la premisa de que el imperialismo británico es, de alguna manera, "neutral". Toda la historia y las tumbas de muchos católicos irlandeses dicen lo contrario. "&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; —&lt;em&gt;Workers Hammer&lt;/em&gt; n º 138&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;—&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Workers Hammer&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; n º 206 (itzulpena marxismoa.blogspot)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.icl-fi.org/english/wh/206/NIreland.html"&gt;http://www.icl-fi.org/english/wh/206/NIreland.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dBVoW7Ks5sU/Tr6IaC0DW4I/AAAAAAAABdw/GIhEEjCKAxU/s1600/3376429089_c3e6a38b18%255B1%255D%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="265" nda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dBVoW7Ks5sU/Tr6IaC0DW4I/AAAAAAAABdw/GIhEEjCKAxU/s400/3376429089_c3e6a38b18%255B1%255D%255B1%255D.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sinn Féin-en egoitza: "PSNI (polizia) station"&lt;/em&gt;﻿&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cuHh4O2j-A8/Tr6JV6YJygI/AAAAAAAABd4/ASPVKyWcUFA/s1600/_51993037_conferencex4%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="225" nda="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cuHh4O2j-A8/Tr6JV6YJygI/AAAAAAAABd4/ASPVKyWcUFA/s400/_51993037_conferencex4%255B1%255D.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Martin McGuinness (derecha) junto a jefe policial, pidiendo chivarse de republicanos disidentes para encarcelarlos (2011 apirila)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2ZNbA55TKtI/Tr6LBzK5mtI/AAAAAAAABeA/4QIW8wedyX4/s1600/garitano+txakurra.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="222" nda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2ZNbA55TKtI/Tr6LBzK5mtI/AAAAAAAABeA/4QIW8wedyX4/s400/garitano+txakurra.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hamaikako bikaina: Rodolfo Ares, Martin Garitano, Lopez caudilloa, don&amp;nbsp;Juan Carlos I, eta&amp;nbsp;Lohitzune Txarola&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-05CJJPfaz24/Tr6M1neNr3I/AAAAAAAABeI/x9VQWEfZCOs/s1600/_2011102900315993640_bec2226c%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="271" nda="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-05CJJPfaz24/Tr6M1neNr3I/AAAAAAAABeI/x9VQWEfZCOs/s400/_2011102900315993640_bec2226c%255B1%255D.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;em&gt;Rufi Etxeberria Vascongadetako hurrengo barne sailburu baietz!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-2308933457717011526?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/2308933457717011526'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/2308933457717011526'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/11/comunistas-sobre-irlanda-del-norte.html' title='Comunistas sobre Irlanda del Norte'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fu2wgIbXS88/Tr55l2rP11I/AAAAAAAABdY/xwQTo11Rj5c/s72-c/2544502-3x2-940x627%255B1%255D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-158340766824172726</id><published>2011-11-12T04:08:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-12T04:30:29.734-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Lenin'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Estatua eta Iraultza'/><title type='text'>'Estatua eta Iraultza' (Lenin)  4. puntua, 6. kapitulua</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Oz00mZnvrtA/Tr5lSmSyVTI/AAAAAAAABdI/rX1LAnYj_C8/s1600/marx+arte.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="300" nda="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Oz00mZnvrtA/Tr5lSmSyVTI/AAAAAAAABdI/rX1LAnYj_C8/s400/marx+arte.JPG" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Trotsky, James P. Cannon, Engels eta Marx, Diego Riveraren mural batean&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;em&gt;"[Workers of] the World unite in the&amp;nbsp;IVth International"&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;6.- ENGELS ETA DEMOKRAZIAREN GAINDITZEA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Engelsek honi buruz, “sozialdemokrata” izenaren zehaztasun&lt;br /&gt;zientifiko eza aipatuz hitz egin behar izan zuen.&lt;br /&gt;70. hamarkadako gai ezberdinei buruzko Engelsen artikuluen&lt;br /&gt;argitalpenaren hitzaurreak, batez ere izaera “internazionalekoak”&lt;br /&gt;direnak (Internacionales aus dem Volksstaat), 1894ko urtarrilaren &lt;br /&gt;3aren data darama, hau da, hil baino urte&lt;br /&gt;eta erdi lehenago idatzi zuen; bertan Engelsek artikulu guztietan&lt;br /&gt;“komunista” hitza erabiltzen zela eta ez “sozialdemokrata”&lt;br /&gt;nabarmentzen zuen, garai haietan, sozialdemokratak Frantzian&lt;br /&gt;proudhondarrak eta Alemanian lassallearrak baitziren.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“…Marxentzat eta niretzat —jarraitzen du Engelsek—,&lt;br /&gt;beraz, sinpleki ezinezkoa zen hain hitz malgua erabiltzea&lt;br /&gt;gure ikuspuntu berezia izendatzeko. Gaur egun, egoera beste&lt;br /&gt;modu batetara aurkezten da, eta hitz hau (“sozialdemokrata”),&lt;br /&gt;agian, pasa (&lt;i&gt;mag passieren&lt;/i&gt;) daiteke, nahiz eta ezegokia (&lt;i&gt;unpassend&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;izaten jarraitzen duen alderdi batentzat, zeinan programa&lt;br /&gt;ekonomikoa ez den programa sozialista sinple bat orokorrean,&lt;br /&gt;baizik eta programa komunista bat zuzenean eta zeinan&lt;br /&gt;helmuga politikoa Estatuaren erabateko gainditzea den,&lt;br /&gt;eta ondorioz, baita demokraziarena ere. Baina &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;benetako &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;Engelsek&lt;br /&gt;azpimarratua) alderdien izenak ez dira inoiz erabat&lt;br /&gt;egokiak izaten; alderdia garatu egiten da eta izena geratu egiten&lt;br /&gt;da”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Engels dialektikoak, bere existentziaren ilunabarrean,&lt;br /&gt;dialektikari leiala izaten jarraitzen du. Marxek eta neuk —esaten&lt;br /&gt;digu— izen eder bat geneukan alderdiarentzat, izen zientifikoki&lt;br /&gt;zehatza, baina ez geneukan benetako alderdi bat, hau&lt;br /&gt;da, masen alderdi proletario bat. Gaur egun (XIX. mendearen&lt;br /&gt;amaieretan) benetako alderdi bat existitzen da baina bere izena&lt;br /&gt;ez da zientifikoki zehatza. Ez du axola, “pasa daiteke”: garrantzitsua&lt;br /&gt;den bakarra alderdia &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;garatzea&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; da, ez dezala bere&lt;br /&gt;izenaren zehaztasun eza ezagutu gabe utzi eta honek ez diezaiola&lt;br /&gt;norabide zuzenean garatzea eragotzi!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Agian badago gu ere, boltxebikeok, Engelsen modura&lt;br /&gt;kontsolatu nahi gaituen adarjotzaileren bat: benetako alderdi&lt;br /&gt;bat daukagu, modu bikainean garatzen ari dena; beraz “boltxebike”&lt;br /&gt;bezalako hain hitz zentzugabe eta itsusi bat ere pasa&lt;br /&gt;daiteke”, ez duela ezer adierazten, 1903ko Bruselas-Londreseko&lt;br /&gt;Kongresuan gehiengoa lortu genuen guztiz halabearrezko&lt;br /&gt;egoeratik kanpo… Agian gaur, uztailean eta abuztuan errepublikarrek&lt;br /&gt;eta demokrazia “iraultzaile” filistearrak gure alderdiaren&lt;br /&gt;aurka aurrera eramandako jazarpenek “boltxebike”&lt;br /&gt;hitza hain famatu eta ohoretsu egin duten honetan eta, gainera,&lt;br /&gt;jazarpen horiek hain aurrerapen izugarria, gure alderdiaren&lt;br /&gt;benetako garapenean aurrerapen historiko bat, markatu&lt;br /&gt;duten honetan, agian gaur, nik ere zalantzak edukiko nituzke&lt;br /&gt;gure alderdiaren izena aldatzeko egin nuen apirileko proposamenaren&lt;br /&gt;inguruan. Beharbada nire kamaradei “transakzio” bat&lt;br /&gt;proposatuko nieke: Alderdi Komunista deitzea eta boltxebike&lt;br /&gt;hitza parentesi artean uztea…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baina izenaren arazoa konparaziorik gabe askoz garrantzia&lt;br /&gt;gutxiagokoa da proletalgo iraultzaileak Estatuarekiko duen&lt;br /&gt;jarrera baino.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Estatuari buruzko hausnarketa arruntetan, behin eta berriz&lt;br /&gt;aipatzen da Engelsek hemen eta gure aurreko azalpenean&lt;br /&gt;pasadaz azpimarratu dugun akatsa, hots; behin eta berriz ahazten&lt;br /&gt;da Estatuaren suntsiketa demokraziaren suntsiketa ere&lt;br /&gt;badela, Estatuaren iraungipenak demokraziaren iraungipena&lt;br /&gt;ere inplikatzen duela.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lehen begiradan, baieztapen honek erabat arraroa eta&lt;br /&gt;ulergaitza dirudi; agian, baten bat beldurtzera ere hel liteke,&lt;br /&gt;gutxiengoa gehiengoren &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;menpe&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; jartzea onartzen ez duen antolakuntza&lt;br /&gt;sozial baten etorrera espero dugula pentsatuz, zeren&lt;br /&gt;demokrazia, hain zuzen ere, printzipio honen aitorpena baita.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ez. Demokrazia &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ez da&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; gutxiengoa gehiengoaren menpean jartzearen&lt;br /&gt;berdina. Demokrazia, gutxiengoa gehiengoaren menpe&lt;br /&gt;jartzea onartzen duen &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Estatua&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; da, hau da, klase batek bestearen&lt;br /&gt;aurka, herritarren zati batek bestearen aurka, biolentzia&lt;br /&gt;sistematikoki erabiltzera bideraturiko erakunde bat da.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Guk azken helmuga bezala Estatuaren suntsiketa hartzen&lt;br /&gt;dugu, hau da, biolentzia antolatu eta sistematiko ororen, orokorrean&lt;br /&gt;gizakien gaineko biolentzia ororen deuseztea. Ez dugu&lt;br /&gt;itxoiten gutxiengoa gehiengoaren menpe jartzearen printzipioa&lt;br /&gt;aitortuko ez duen ordena sozial baten etorrerarik. Baina,&lt;br /&gt;sozialismoa xede izanik, konbentziturik gaude hau gradualki&lt;br /&gt;komunismoan bihurtuko dela, eta honekin elkarloturik gizakiengan&lt;br /&gt;orokorrean biolentziaren beharra desagertuko dela,&lt;br /&gt;gizaki batzuek besteei dien &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;menpekotasun&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; oro desagertuko&lt;br /&gt;dela, zeren gizakiak elkarbizitza sozialeko funtsezko arauak&lt;br /&gt;behatzera &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ohituko&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; dira &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;biolentziarik eta menpekotasunik gabe&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ohituraren elementu hau azpimarratzeko hitz egiten du&lt;br /&gt;Engelsek &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;belaunaldi&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; berri batetaz, “baldintza sozial berri eta&lt;br /&gt;askeetan hezia izanik, Estatu zaharraren traste guzti horretaz&lt;br /&gt;libratu ahalko dela”, Estatu oro, baita Estatu demokratiko-&lt;br /&gt;errepublikarra ere deuseztatu ahalko duela.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hau azaltzeko helburuarekin, beharrezkoa da Estatuaren&lt;br /&gt;iraungipenaren oinarri ekonomikoen auzia aztertzea.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Tmto_fPyDFI/Tr5mGsI7_CI/AAAAAAAABdQ/eqygIOotVs0/s1600/clase+obreira+vigo+folga.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" nda="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Tmto_fPyDFI/Tr5mGsI7_CI/AAAAAAAABdQ/eqygIOotVs0/s1600/clase+obreira+vigo+folga.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vigo (Galizia): Metalurgiako langileen ﻿greba&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-158340766824172726?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/158340766824172726'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/158340766824172726'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/11/estatua-eta-iraultza-lenin-4-puntua-6.html' title='&apos;Estatua eta Iraultza&apos; (Lenin)  4. puntua, 6. kapitulua'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Oz00mZnvrtA/Tr5lSmSyVTI/AAAAAAAABdI/rX1LAnYj_C8/s72-c/marx+arte.JPG' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-4901387197380985636</id><published>2011-11-07T04:42:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-11-07T04:42:04.233-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Lehertzeko garaia</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lehertzeko garaia&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;malko garratzen urte latzak &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;iluntasun ezaguna oinazez neurtua &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;etsipen beltzak odola borborka irakin artean &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;eta begiak ia errautsa irudi anbarrei &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;azkar atxikitzen zaizkie: &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;suzko atzamarrak bezala nere jendearen pakean &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;harriak bezala ume beltz baten haziketaren gainean &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;labainak bezala nere herriaren itxaropenean &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;heriotza bezala nere bizitzeko eskubidearen gainean. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;eta horrela odolaren zina egiten da; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;eta horrela neuk nozitu, jaiki eta oihu egiten dut: &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;nere herria! lehertzeko garaia da; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;bota zure zama, zure haragi ustela, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;zure irrifar okertua, zure suzko begirada, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;zure malko garratzak, zure landatze morroiaren urteak, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;harri koxkor eta lehorte eta zimiko eta ekaitzarik &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;igitaitu egiten dituzun artean. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;lehertzeko sasoia, nere herria! zure etsaiaz libratu! &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dVOyPdklNTc/TrfSDJCIJLI/AAAAAAAABdA/vi6jBu4e_VA/s1600/sebastiao-salgado-workers-image-153%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="268" ida="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dVOyPdklNTc/TrfSDJCIJLI/AAAAAAAABdA/vi6jBu4e_VA/s400/sebastiao-salgado-workers-image-153%255B1%255D.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Time to explode&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;harsh years of acid tears / knowing darkness measured in pain / &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;as black anguish swells effervescent blood / and eyes near ash hold fast to &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;amber sight: // like fire-claws at my people's peace / like stones upon a black &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;child's growth / like knives about my people's hope / like death aboye my right &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;to life. // and it is thus the pledge of blood is made; / it is thus I hurt and &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;rise and shout: // my people! it is time to explode; / get rid of your load, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;your decaying flesh, / your twisted smile, your look of flame, / your acid &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;tears, your years of servile planting, / whilst reaping stone and drought and &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;sting and storm. // it is time to explode, my people! get rid of your foe! &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Linton Kwesi Johnson [&lt;a href="http://www.armiarma.com/cgi-bin/urkiza/EBMODBER.pl?Bertso=42660"&gt;*&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-4901387197380985636?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4901387197380985636'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4901387197380985636'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/11/lehertzeko-garaia.html' title='Lehertzeko garaia'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dVOyPdklNTc/TrfSDJCIJLI/AAAAAAAABdA/vi6jBu4e_VA/s72-c/sebastiao-salgado-workers-image-153%255B1%255D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-4077885952443065942</id><published>2011-11-05T08:48:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-11-05T08:51:48.070-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Enrique Cuadra Etxeandia askatu!</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.presos.org.es/"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color: #134f5c; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;http://www.presos.org.es/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color: #134f5c; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;-en informazioaren arabera: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e3197sCObRc/TrVakjxw7MI/AAAAAAAABc4/6XT-ET6pt5I/s1600/verimagen%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" ida="true" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e3197sCObRc/TrVakjxw7MI/AAAAAAAABc4/6XT-ET6pt5I/s320/verimagen%255B1%255D.jpg" width="219" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;Enrique Kuadra Etxeandia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;Enfermo grave y gravemente desatendido:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El preso político antifascista vasco vecino de Barakaldo, fue operado de próstata el pasado 20 de octubre en el hospital de Sevilla. Llevado a las pocas horas a la prisión de Sevilla, ha tenido que ser sacado dos veces de urgencia al hospital civil por sangrado abundante de la operación. Inmediatamente, devuelto a prisión, sondado y en plena supuesta recuperación, bastante difícil con el trato penitenciario aplicado.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;¿Exagerados?. Su hermano Iñaki, expreso político y militante del PCE(r), murió a los 49 años en 2010 por desasistencia médica prolongada en prisión. ¿Recuerdan ustedes a los GALosos saliendo de sus jaulas de oro para consultas en el dentista, por “depresión”, por “papeles”, etc. etc. etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Escribamos a Enrique, hoy más que nunca necesita de nuestro aliento solidario ante el intento (ya nada sibilino) de exterminio.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;iturria: presos.org.es&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-4077885952443065942?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4077885952443065942'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/4077885952443065942'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/11/enrique-kuadra-exteandia-askatu.html' title='Enrique Cuadra Etxeandia askatu!'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e3197sCObRc/TrVakjxw7MI/AAAAAAAABc4/6XT-ET6pt5I/s72-c/verimagen%255B1%255D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-2336382850764084526</id><published>2011-11-05T08:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-11-05T08:25:28.412-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Anniversaire de la Révolution d'Octobre (1917-2011)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8GcVspq4tVw/TrVSbqqFFfI/AAAAAAAABcw/8LY4mDvpzMs/s1600/aniversario+revolucion.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" ida="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8GcVspq4tVw/TrVSbqqFFfI/AAAAAAAABcw/8LY4mDvpzMs/s400/aniversario+revolucion.jpg" width="362" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Le principe de la dictature prolétarienne est solidement entré dans l'histoire. Il a montré la formidable puissance d'une jeune classe révolutionnaire dirigée par un parti qui sait ce qu'il veut et qui sait combiner sa volonté avec la marche de l'évolution objective. [...]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nous ne nous repentons de rien et nous ne renonçons à rien. Nous vivons des idées et de l'état d'esprit qui nous animaient durant les journées d'Octobre 1917. A travers des difficultés temporaires, nous pouvons voir devant nous. Si marqués que soient les méandres du fleuve, le fleuve coule vers l'océan."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;—&lt;a href="http://www.marxists.org/francais/trotsky/oeuvres/1929/10/lt19291017.htm"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L. Trotsky&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;. Constantinople 17 octobre 1929&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Wherever there is a group of militant workers anywhere in the world, there is the Russian Revolution. The Russian Revolution is in the heart of every rebel worker the world over. The Russian Revolution is in this room.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Comrade Trotsky told us, just before we left Moscow, that the best way we can help Soviet Russia is to build a bigger trade union movement and a stronger party of our own. Recognition by other governments will be of some temporary value, but the real recognition Soviet Russia wants is the recognition of the working class. When she gets that she will not need the recognition of capitalist governments. Then she can refuse to recognise them!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For, after all, Soviet Russia is not a country. Soviet Russia is a part of the world labour movement. Soviet Russia is a strike—the greatest strike in all history. When the working class of Europe and America join that strike it will be the end of capitalism."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;—&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;James P. Cannon&lt;/strong&gt;, 'The Fifth Year of&amp;nbsp; The Russian Revolution'&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-2336382850764084526?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/2336382850764084526'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/2336382850764084526'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/11/anniversaire-de-la-revolution-doctobre.html' title='Anniversaire de la Révolution d&apos;Octobre (1917-2011)'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8GcVspq4tVw/TrVSbqqFFfI/AAAAAAAABcw/8LY4mDvpzMs/s72-c/aniversario+revolucion.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-2795141921640202305</id><published>2011-11-04T05:44:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-11-04T05:54:50.051-07:00</updated><title type='text'>20 Noviembre: Abstención en Hego Euskal Herria</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2eYk43KOVl0/TrPfLRG544I/AAAAAAAABcg/JSjD3eSR8Y0/s1600/pan01_soviet_001f%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="288" ida="true" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2eYk43KOVl0/TrPfLRG544I/AAAAAAAABcg/JSjD3eSR8Y0/s400/pan01_soviet_001f%255B1%255D.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;El soviet de Petrograd, ejemplo de dictadura obrera revolucionaria&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Urte jakin batzuez behin, Parlamentuan, klase dominatzailearen&lt;br /&gt;zein kidek zapaldu eta esplotatu behar duten herria&lt;br /&gt;erabakitzea: hona hemen parlamentarismo burgesaren benetako&lt;br /&gt;esentzia, ez bakarrik monarkia konstituzionaletan, baita&lt;br /&gt;errepublika demokratikoenetan ere.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baina Estatuaren auzia planteatzen badugu, eta parlamentarismoa&lt;br /&gt;—Estatuko instituziotzat hartuz— proletalgoak&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;eremu honetan&lt;/em&gt; dituen eginkizunen ikuspuntutik aztertzen badugu,&lt;br /&gt;non dago orduan parlamentarismoaren irtenbidea? Nola&lt;br /&gt;da posible bera gabe moldatzea? Behin eta berriz esan behar&lt;br /&gt;da: Komunaren esperientzian oinarritutako Marxen ikasgaiak,&lt;br /&gt;hain ahaztuak daude, ezen “sozialdemokrata modernoari”&lt;br /&gt;(irakur: sozialismoren egungo traidoreari) sinpleki ulertezina&lt;br /&gt;egiten zaiola anarkista edo erreakzionarioa ez den parlamentarismoaren&lt;br /&gt;beste kritika bat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Parlamentarismoaren irtenbidea ez dago, noski, instituzio&lt;br /&gt;ordezkatzaileak eta hautagarritasuna abolitzean, instituzio &lt;br /&gt;ordezkatzaileak hitzontzikerien toki izatetik “lanaren” korporazio&lt;br /&gt;izatera eraldatzean baizik.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Ez korporazio parlamentario bat, lanaren korporazio bat&lt;br /&gt;baizik”: tiro hau zuzenean doa parlamentari modernoen eta &lt;br /&gt;sozialdemokraziako “gonapeko txakur” parlamentarien bihotzera!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jar ezazue arreta edozein herrialde parlamentarietan, Iparramerikatik&lt;br /&gt;Suitzara, Frantziatik Ingalaterrara, Norvegia, etab.:&lt;br /&gt;benetako “Estatuko” eginkizunak atzetik isilpean egiten dira&lt;br /&gt;eta ministerioek, ofizinek, Estatu Nagusiek burutzen dituzte.&lt;br /&gt;Parlamentuetan ez da berriketa besterik egiten, “jende xehea”&lt;br /&gt;liluratzeko helburu bereziarekin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;--Lenin, &lt;em&gt;Estatua eta Iraultza&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xCVe6RuAOfk/TrPgaakBfoI/AAAAAAAABco/yqVbeNJUwO8/s1600/dormidos1.thumbnail%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" ida="true" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xCVe6RuAOfk/TrPgaakBfoI/AAAAAAAABco/yqVbeNJUwO8/s1600/dormidos1.thumbnail%255B1%255D.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Democracia borbonica&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="text-align: left;"&gt;﻿&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/9150121790734634110-2795141921640202305?l=marxismoa.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/2795141921640202305'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/9150121790734634110/posts/default/2795141921640202305'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://marxismoa.blogspot.com/2011/11/20-noviembre-abstencion-en-hego-euskal.html' title='20 Noviembre: Abstención en Hego Euskal Herria'/><author><name>V.I.U.</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2eYk43KOVl0/TrPfLRG544I/AAAAAAAABcg/JSjD3eSR8Y0/s72-c/pan01_soviet_001f%255B1%255D.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9150121790734634110.post-629446891795494553</id><published>2011-11-01T10:37:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-11-01T11:15:59.336-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Azaroak 20: Abstentzioa!</title><content type='html'>&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sIv823efDTk/TrAtmBhfLbI/AAAAAAAABcQ/lfcLgc1HBbU/s1600/opus+dei+larreina+amaiur.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" ida="true" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sIv823efDTk/TrAtmBhfLbI/AAAAAAAABcQ/lfcLgc1HBbU/s1600/opus+dei+larreina+amaiur.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;Rafa Larreina, candidato de la coalicion&amp;nbsp;frentepopulista&amp;nbsp;Amaiur, fundamentalista cristiano miembro del &lt;strong&gt;Opus Dei &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;y dirigente de la &lt;strong&gt;burguesa&lt;/strong&gt; Eusko Alkartasuna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-large;"&gt;El frente popular: no una táctica sino el mayor de los crímenes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Desde España en 1936 hasta Chile en 1973, oportunidades maduras para la revolución proletaria han sido descarriladas a través del mecanismo del frente popular, que ata a los explotados a sus explotadores, y abre el camino a dictaduras fascistas y bonapartistas. León Trotsky afirmó: “Al adormecer a los obreros y campesinos con ilusiones parlamentarias, al paralizar su voluntad de lucha, el Frente Popular genera las condiciones favorables para el triunfo del fascismo. El proletariado pagará la política de coalición con la burguesía con años de tormentos y sacrificios, si no con décadas de terror fascista” (“El nuevo ascenso revolucionar
